Christian Theology And Feminist Theology - 1699 Words

If one were to ask ten modern day theologians to define the word â€Å"theology,† it is likely that they would hear ten different answers. Even within the various types of theology, for example, Christian theology, there are a wide spectrum of attitudes and beliefs. Even more so, if one were to compare evangelical theology with feminist theology, the differences would add up quickly. Two modern day theologians, Stanley Grenz and Catherine Keller, well known in their respective fields, have approached their theology from different backgrounds. The most obvious is the difference in gender. However, their theological methodologies, the definition, and nature of their theological goals and their approach to being biblically faithful are vastly different. By careful examination, these two theologians and their specific ideologies in relating to evangelical theology and feminist theology will influence how a person approaches their own theology. Considered a â€Å"prolific theologian,† Stanley Grenz was a leader among evangelical theologians (Warner, 2005, p. 42). Author of a multitude of books on diverse subject matters including eschatology, ethics, Trinity, and homosexuality, Grenz initially defended his Baptist customs (Warner, 2005). However, considered as his greatest contribution, was his ability to bridge the evangelicals from their own world of thought to â€Å"engage the larger scholarly world† (Warner, 2005, p. 43). He was the first to consider postmodern thought, recognizingShow MoreRelatedAnalyzing Black Liberation Theology, Latin American Liberation Theology, and Feminist Theology1371 Words   |  6 PagesLiberation Theology Black Liberation Theology, Latin American Liberation Theology, and Feminist Theology Liberation theology comprises of two main principles: it recognizes the call for liberation from any form of oppression economic, political, and social: second, it says that theology must grow from the basic Christian communities and not from above. Liberation theology examines the theological meaning of human activities, which includes an explanation of the Christian faith out of sufferingRead MoreFeminist Theology1492 Words   |  6 PagesFeminist Theology Feminist theology is based on the idea of not lord but brother. Jesus Christ himself stepped outside of societies norms by befriending the outcasts of society, which included women. Women are often portrayed as the cause of or focus of evil and misdeeds in the bible. The focus of feminist theology is the perspective of theology from those who were outcast and therefore considered themselves as equals and friends to Jesus Christ. If there is anything they desire to know,Read MoreThe Christian Doctrine Of Sin1686 Words   |  7 PagesIn recent decades, feminist theologians called for the reconstruction of the Christian Doctrine of Sin. They accuse the doctrine of the perpetuation of injustice, on account of its tendency to demonize, scapegoat, and dominate women. While some of these theologians contend that within Christian orthodoxy remains a deeply rooted misogyny, only treatable from the outside-in, others suggest that within the Christian tradition itself resides the tools for healing and transformation. Methodologies asideRead MoreThe Aim of Feminist Theology Is Simply to Seek Equality Between Men and Women1045 Words   |  5 PagesThe aim of feminist theology is simply to seek equality between women and men Discuss. Feminist theology is a movement found in many religions. Feminist theology aims to reconsider the traditions, scriptures and theologies of those religions from a feminist perspective. It can be argued that feminist theology just wants equality between men and women, however, It can also be put across that seeking equality is not their only aim. Liberal feminist theology is fundamentally rooted in the EnlightenmentRead MoreLiberation Theology Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction According to Enns (2008), liberation theology attempts to infer the holy writ through the plight of the poor. This movement originated from South America in the early 1950s when Marxism was the most popular theory among the poor. It was a response to the ill-treatment and poverty facing the ordinary people. It dealt with the issue of distribution of wealth among people in order to upgrade the economic status in life. This movement had strong Romanian Catholic roots bolstered in ColombiaRead MoreApproaches to the Figure of Divine Wisdom in the Book of Proverbs1245 Words   |  5 PagesModem Feminist approaches [c. 1000 words] Discussing the contemporary sociological perspective of modern feminism to ‘divine’ wisdom should involve a brief overview of the theology’s focus. McGrath suggests that ‘Feminism is a global movement, arguing for gender equality and a right understanding of the relationship between women and men to be affirmed by contemporary theology and practice’ (McGrath, 2011: p.88). Thus, when discussing wisdom in the scriptures the feminists are observing how genderRead MoreWhat Is Theology Essay1008 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is theology? What does it explain if anything? According to the encyclopedia, it is related to the Greek Religion. In Christianity, the systematic study of the nature of God and Gods relationship with humanity and with the world. Although other religions may be said to have theologies, this is a matter of controversy within, for instance, Judaism , which holds that God is unknowable. This article will therefore confine itself to Christi an theology. The development of theology in ChristendomRead More what is theology Essay995 Words   |  4 Pages What is theology? What does it explain if anything? According to the encyclopedia, it is related to the Greek Religion. In Christianity, the systematic study of the nature of God and Gods relationship with humanity and with the world. Although other religions may be said to have theologies, this is a matter of controversy within, for instance, Judaism , which holds that God is unknowable. This article will therefore confine itself to Christian theology. The development of theology in ChristendomRead MoreEssay on Women and the Trinity1125 Words   |  5 PagesWomen and the Trinity For most of us, faith development is a process. We grow in wisdom and stature and favor with God. As a Christian woman I know that my consciousness about the feminist agenda has evolved in stages also. First, I became aware of the generic language. Words like mankind, brotherhood, and the overused pronoun he was supposed to describe all of humanity. IT was clear that they contained a masculine bias. Little girls grew up hearing those words literally and scalingRead MoreElizabeth Johnson-Revisonist Method of Theology3468 Words   |  14 PagesElizabeth Johnson is perhaps one of the most preeminent Catholic theologians of the new millennium. The fact that she is a woman religious who writes from a feminist perspective adds to her unique and distinguished career. This paper will examine the revisionist method espoused by Elizabeth Johnson, in an effort to understand her approach to Christian feminism. An overview of revisionist methodology will be presented so as to understand the framework in which Johnson works. References to some of Johnson

Atomic Bomb Essay example - 1218 Words

The Manhattan Project nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Manhattan Project was and is still one of the most secretive projects ever created in United States history. The purpose of the Manhattan Project was simple: to build; test; and unleash its power if necessary. Robert Oppenheimer and General Leslie Groves were the two men put in charge of this mission. These two men along with the top scientists from around the country were brought together to construct the most deadliest thing known to man. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The project originated in the Pentagon in 1942 when General Groves was told, by the White House, he was to lead the Manhattan Project. World War II had already been raged for three years when the Nazis, after being†¦show more content†¦One thing that was not found inside these borders though was women, not even wives of the scientists. No scientist was allowed to talk to anyone outside the camp about what they see, hear, taste, or even smell. Everything they knew belonged to the army now. Everything they knew from here on was highly confidential. There job was to create the atomic bomb and to do nothing else but that. They were to refer to bomb as the gadget or devise for security reasons. The scientists were given 19 months to complete their mission. Most of them complained that it could not be done, that it was not enough time. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Under the leadership of Oppenheimer the work and research began. After several days, their work got them no where. They were faced with the problems such as weight, velocity, and detonation. To make such a bomb they needed materials heaving enough to weight tip the biggest cranes in the world. Late one night, while eating an orange and talking to another scientist, Seth Neddermeyer (a scientist) thought of an idea called implosion. He got the idea from the orange he was eating. This was probably the one idea that the atomic bomb is centered around. Without implosion, the atomic bomb could not be created. When he squeezed the orange, juice squirted out or an outwards explosion. If you can reverse this process, then the explosion goes in creating a even bigger force. This theory applies to Plutonium.Show MoreRelatedThe Atomic Bomb1214 Words   |  5 Pagessurviving an atomic bomb is a perfect example of surviving.. A man with a miracle on his side. His story b ecame famous throughout the world. This man had the courage to tell his story to the world. Surviving the two atomic bombs is not a small thing to comprehend. Therefore, it would take a man who had the courage and integrity to survive it all. On August 9, 1945, the B-29 bomber wedged through the clouds in a Japanese city of Nagasaki that unleashed a 22-kiloton plutonium bomb known as â€Å"FatRead More The Atomic Bomb1719 Words   |  7 PagesThe Atomic Bomb Albert Einstein predicted that mass could be converted into energy. This was the basis for the atomic bomb. Throughout this research paper, I will trace the history of the atomic bomb. In addition, who was involved and why, what happened in this event, and explain the impact that it had on the world. After Einstein predicted, that mass could be converted into energy. This was confirmed experimentally by John D. Cockcroft and Ernest Walton. â€Å"Physicists from 1939 onward conductedRead MoreAtomic Bomb : The Birth Of The Atomic Bombs2008 Words   |  9 PagesThe Atomic Bomb The birth of the Atomic bombs was during WWII, when the nations around the world were fighting against each other, due to disagreements between one another. At the beginning of the war, America was at a stalemate because they did not want to get involved in the war. Even though they were not involved in the war they were helping friendly allies with food supplies and ammunition. And then there was island to the east of the Korean peninsula, also known as Japan, who suddenly decidedRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb2530 Words   |  11 PagesThe beginnings of the Nuclear Age started when Albert Einstein wrote to President Franklin Roosevelt warning him of a dangerous weapon the Nazis had begun researching, known as the atomic bomb. (1) Though, when President Roosevelt first read this letter, he was too preoccupied with events in Europe to be bothered with such ideas. He at the time did not take the creation of such weapon to seriously, nor did he believe America had the resources for such a task. (2) Finally, on October 19, 1939 PresidentRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb1584 Words   |  7 Pagesthe choice to drop the atomic bomb or to attempt more land invasions was a choice that shaped the outcome of the war. There were major influences and side effects from the dropping of the atomic bomb and what it did to the country of Japan. Having the option and the weight of the moral decision weighing on Truman’s shoulders about what decision should be made, he was the only one who was capable of making the decision that shaped the outcome of the war. Having dropped the bomb on Japan, as a statementRead MoreThe Atomic Bombs910 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the 20th century, specifically the year 1945, the United States of America had two atomic bombs that the commander and chief, and president at the time, Harry Truman, knew about. President Truman plan was to drop the bombs on two of Japans cities, Hiroshima first and then Nagasaki. Truman’s plans went accordingly, whi ch to this day leads to a very controversial topic on whether or not dropping the atomic bombs was a good or bad thing. There is evidence and reasoning to back up both claims, inRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb1470 Words   |  6 Pagesover 70 years since the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, they remain controversial as conscientious struggle with the ethics of using such weaponry in the course of armed conflict. President Truman had a number of options apart from the atomic bomb. He could have left the invasion of Japan to the Russians, whom wanted revenge for the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05, as well as the more recent conflict in Manchuria (Goldman, 2012). The dropping of the atomic bombs must have shocked many whoRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Essay1094 Words   |  5 PagesPost World War II, fear and anxiety consumed the subconscious of many Americans. Many feared atomic matter and the mystery of what it really was. Under the Atomic Energy Act, all information regarding the mat ter was classified. â€Å"The Big Secret,† as it was called was both a point of interest and pillar of anxiety for many. Everyday life was consumed by thoughts and worries but driven by the curiosity of this new science (Osteen 1994). The ability to split the uranium atom was discovered in 1938 inRead MoreAtomic Weapons And The Atomic Bomb1709 Words   |  7 Pagessurviving the dropping of the atomic bomb on her city, Eiko Taoka would watch helplessly as her infant son died of radiation poisoning--something she blames herself for to this day (Taoka). There are thousands of stories like these, and each one describes the incredible destructive power behind atomic weapons and the deep wounds they leave behind. Even now, seventy years after that fateful day, writers and filmmakers utilize the terror induced by the thought of atomic warfare in their stories andRead More The Atomic Bomb Essay1549 Words   |  7 Pages it will be discussed why the Atomic Bomb is the biggest method of destruction known to man. The paper will be discussing the results of the Atomic Bombs, along with the effects years after the initial explosion. People always wonder how many people actually died in the two Atomic Bombs which were dropped in Japan. This question will be answered, along with the method that citizens were actually killed by the bomb. Besides the initial blast winds that an Atomic Bomb gives off, people may be killed

The On Birth Control And Pregnancy - 865 Words

With this week coming to a close, we are officially more than halfway through the class. This means that I am three weeks closer to finishing something that I started back in 1996 when I first started my college journey at Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. It’s been almost 20 years and this will definitely be an achievement but first I have to make it through the next few weeks. This week focused was on birth control and pregnancy, specifically focusing in on planning when a person will become pregnant and what happens once a person becomes pregnant. As usual there were multiple assignments. We had our normal issues from the Taking Sides text, a discussion on the politics of childbirth, an assignment on the different contraceptives, the quiz, a status check on the final paper and this wonderful three page reflection paper. As usual, I will start with this week’s reading from the Taking Sides text. This week was slightly different in that we were given four top ics to choose from and could choose two to read and discuss. The two that were most interesting to me discussed the questions; do reality TV shows portray responsible messages about teen pregnancy and should pharmacists have the right to refuse contraceptive prescriptions? In addition were the question of abortion being moral, a topic I definitely didn’t want to touch and the question of whether parents should be allowed to select the sex of their baby. For the first topic of on teen pregnancy I wasShow MoreRelatedBirth Control And The Pregnancy Prevention1284 Words   |  6 Pagesrights to control their lives as they wish. However, as close as the early 1900’s, women still did not have the basic right to control their fertility. Working as a nurse, Margaret Sanger believed that women should maintain the right to protect themselves against unwanted pregnancies. Margaret Sanger is The Woman Rebel who, despite overwhelming opposition, pioneered the way for modern f amily planning and, more importantly, the female sexual revolution. The subject of birth control and the debateRead MoreBirth Control, Pregnancy And Fertility Treatments1387 Words   |  6 Pagespossible care when it comes to reproductive processes. This includes birth control, pregnancy and fertility treatments., I will explain how knowledge, practices and experiences are affected by the four factors mentioned above. Gender, race, sexuality, and class all have a great effect on the reproductive process. The first way reproduction is affected is by gender norms and stereotypes. In most societies, a woman’s job is only to give birth and take care of house work. That is the only place where a womanRead MoreArgument: Birth Control Reduces Teen Pregnancy, It Is Not801 Words   |  4 PagesArgument: Birth Control reduces teen pregnancy, it is not the same as a termination of a pregnancy, and it is something that needs to be covered by insurance because of these reasons. Quote maybe: Legislative proposals that would enable an employer to determine whether or not a woman s insurance would cover the cost of birth control strikes women as particularly bizarre. Is the boss going to take care of the children that are conceived accidentally? Stop treating us like children. Women are grownRead MoreBirth Control Is The Practice Of Preventing Unwanted Pregnancies1177 Words   |  5 Pagesprocess to obtain birth control pills. According to merriam-webster.com, birth control is the practice of preventing unwanted pregnancies; it used all around the world. There are many different contraceptive types that people use to prevent unwanted pregnancies, including, but not limited to, condoms, vaginal rings, sponges, implants, shots, abstinence, and birth control pills. Practicing safe sex should be ready option for all people. Men wear condoms while women take birth control; it is as simpleRead MoreThe Use of Birth Control to Prevent Pregnancy Essay997 Words   |  4 PagesThe Use of Birth Control to Prevent Pregnancy The dilemma of unwanted pregnancy has faced the human species as far back in history as the day man found out that there was a connection between sexual intercourse and conceiving a baby. To solve it, many methods were used -- some disagreeable, some dangerous and many ineffective. Fortunately, today for the first time in history, a choice of contraceptives is available that is, safe, convenient, and effective. Much difference of opinion aboutRead MoreBirth Control : An Effective Means Of Preventing Pregnancy1754 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Birth control is becoming a very controversial topic in today’s society. Although some forms of birth control have been around for thousands of years, those that are most familiar to us have been practiced since the late 1950’s. People’s views and beliefs on birth control have changed dramatically. According to the Birth control pill facts sheet, â€Å"About five women out of the one hundred using this method for one year will get pregnant† (2014, p. 4). This illustrates that although birth controlRead MoreUnintended Pregnancy Prevention Essay1269 Words   |  6 Pages Are controversial concerns about the birth control pill really a problem? Allowing teenagers to use the birth control pill has been a controversial subject for parents, teachers, and teenagers for a wide range of reasons. The vast majority of teenage pregnancies, more than four out of five, are unplanned (Unintended Pregnancy Prevention). Whether teenagers believe in common myths that they cant get pregnant the first time having sex or they truly believe nothing like this could ever happenRead MoreProblems with Teen Pregnancy in Oklahoma Essay1032 Words   |  5 PagesOklahoma has been ranked number two in teen birth rates according to a Tulsa World article. Teen pregnancy has always been a problem in America. More and more teens are becoming pregnant every day. Most of them can’t afford the expenses of birth control. Others do not know how to prevent it. Teen pregnancy can also cause education problems with the teen. Teen moms are not mature enough to handle raising a kid. Many kids who have parents who were young when they had them are more than likely goingRead MoreThe Importance Of Birth Control1349 Words   |  6 PagesShould birth control be accessible to women? Should birth control be covered by insurance? There are many public debates covering the topic of birth control. Some of these debates cover which methods of contraception are the most effe ctive ways at obtaining couple’s reproductive plans, while other debates include whether or not insurance should cover the cost of contraceptive, also the short and long term effects, how to increase use of birth control among sexually active individuals, and there areRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Birth Control1393 Words   |  6 Pagesprevent pregnancies and the transmission of sexual diseases. One large advance for contraception is birth control, which falls almost completely under women. Only two forms of contraceptives are for men; condoms and vasectomies. Providing a birth control for men, knowing the chemical abilities to create the birth control, and finally sharing the burden of contraception with men could help reduce unwanted pregnancies and relieve women of all the stress along with stopping said pregnancies. Birth Control

Carpe Diem in Christopher Marlowe´s The Passionate...

Christopher Marlowe’s â€Å"The Passionate Shepherd to His Love† and Robert Herrick’s â€Å"To the Virgins, Make Much of Time† share the same common theme of Carpe Diem. They also have many differences such as the tone, and the type of poem. Marlowe’s is more of a romantic poem, a Shepherd expressing his love to a woman. Herrick’s is more of a preachy poem, the poet is telling these young virgins that they need to hurry up and get married because they do not have much time. Both Marlowe’s â€Å"The Passionate Shepherd to His Love† and Herrick’s â€Å"To the Virgins, Make Much of Time† Share the same common theme; Carpe Diem. Carpe Diem means seize the day. In both poems, the poets express that they have a short amount of time and that they need to live life†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"And we will sit upon the rocks, Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks By shallow rivers to whose falls Melodious birds sing madrigals† (Marlowe) Robert Herrick’s poem â€Å"To the Virgins, Make Much of Time† is considered to be a preachy type of poem. The poet is telling young virgins that they need to hurry up and get married because they do not have much time. â€Å"Then be not coy, but use your time, and while ye may, go marry† (Herrick) The Tone of this poem is didactic, he is expressing his opinion. He is telling these young unmarried women to hurry up and get married, and stop wasting time. â€Å"Gather ye rose-buds while ye may: Old Time is still a-flying; And this same flower that smiles to-day, To-morrow will be dying† (Herrick) The Rhyme Scheme for â€Å"To the Virgins, Make Much of Time† is the first and third of each stanza rhymes while the second and the fourth line rhyme. â€Å"The glorious lamp of heaven, the Sun, The higher hes a-getting, the sooner will his race be run, and nearer hes to setting† (Herrick) In Conclusion â€Å"The Passionate Shepherd to His Love† and â€Å"To the Virgins, Make Much of Time† is similar in theme. The theme for both stories was Carpe Diem. Even though the Theme was similar, the difference in each poem was the Tone, Rhyme Scheme and the type of poem. The tone for Marlowe’s is optimistic and loving and the poem is pastoral. The Rhyme scheme for Marlowe’s poem is the first two lines rhyme and the last two lines in the

Life After Death Free Essays

Life after Death. Daniel Yashinsky 16/09/2011 Death is a word that someone never likes to hear but questions that always come to mind are what happens after we die. Many people believe in different situations but ultimately I assume that the way we live out our life will determine our results in the afterlife. We will write a custom essay sample on Life After Death or any similar topic only for you Order Now Almost like being punished in a sense it’s the way of the society to believe in morals such as right and wrong. Who or what judges the fact of where we go. Are these theories accurate or is it all just a fabrication. All in all it’s pretty hard not to think of the one thing you can’t run from. Since the moment I was born my parents have been telling me what is right and what is wrong. So if I was to do something wrong I would get punished so these morals have always been engraved in my brain. Who decided what is right and what is wrong, why do we have these morals and why do we get punished for committing so called sins? I don’t think there is a true answer for that, but people think that if you are a good human which can mean so many different things but in general if you live out your life doing good deeds that you will go to a heaven. This theory also works in the opposite way as well, when people commit sins that are against the â€Å"norm† of the society they live in then they will go to hell. This is one of the reasons why religion has been followed for so long to keep society in control according to what we presume is in control. If one believes in this then it will be easy for someone to just live their life and not fear what is beyond the threshold of death. But one question still remains, who decides our faith after death. Today I was asked â€Å"do you believe in god? I didn’t know how to respond because all I could think about was the reasoning for his asking. Did he want me to believe in god? Was he just curious to know what my thoughts were on the matter? All I know is it’s a personal question but it felt like I was being judged. I like to have my own views on things I don’t usually conform to society, almost like an existentialist. So the answer to the question is somewhat, I don’t particularly believe in god itself, but I think there is some sort of higher power. The real question is if this higher power ends up judging us just like this man did to me today. So this higher power for some odd reason gets to judge me and the rest of the world to decide if we get to go to a happy place or a sad place in simple words that is what religion means. People devote their whole lives thinking if they follow this rule their afterlife will turn out well for the rest of eternity. Now I will see beyond this and look at people who do not believe in god what so ever, so these sorts of people are condemned to live in the underworld. Now who’s to say that the way I live my life will determine my afterlife. Why should I believe something that someone has just made up without any proof? Anything can happen after you die; people shouldn’t spend their whole life deciphering the code of death. The reason people feel such a need to believe in something is because they have a fear, the fear of the unknown. When you don’t know what is going to come after you die, how can’t face those fears. I honestly believe that any of these theories can be true, but little did I know how much death plays a star role in so many people’s lives. Truthfully everyone sees death differently and depending on who you are Now life is an important thing to all of us, why waste it thinking about what’s going to happen after death. If I was to die I would like to one to judge me on the things I have done in my lifetime. This will give a meaning to my life and many other lives as well. Seeing how so many people believe in this way of life that it would be terrible not to see it fulfilled, also a something of a higher power judges us and leads us through the rest of eternity. Finally we can go against it all and say that all that happens is we rot in the ground. So for all we know life as we know it can be death without any real proof we just have theories but my beliefs will stay strong . How to cite Life After Death, Essays

Euthanasia In Australia Essay Research Paper When free essay sample

Euthanasia In Australia Essay, Research Paper When we hear the phrase voluntary mercy killing people by and large think of one of two things: the active expiration of life at the patient # 8217 ; s or the Nazi extinction plan of slaying. Many people have beliefs about whether mercy killing is right or incorrect, frequently without being able to specify it clearly. Some people take an utmost position, while many fall someplace between the two cantonments. The derivation means soft and easy decease coming from the Grecian words, eu # 8211 ; Thanatoss. Euthanasia was once called # 8220 ; mercy killing, # 8221 ; euthanasia means deliberately doing person dice, instead than leting that individual to decease of course. Put bluffly, mercy killing agencies killing in the name of compassion. Euthanasia is frequently baffled with physician-assisted self-destruction. Euthanasia is when one individual does something that straight kills another. For illustration, a physician gives a deadly injection to a patient. In aided self-destruction, a non-suicidal individual wittingly and deliberately provides the agencies or Acts of the Apostless in some manner to assist a self-destructive individual kill himself or herself. For illustration, a physician writes a prescription for toxicant, or person hooks up a face mask and tubing to a case shot of C monoxide and so instructs the self-destructive individual on how to force a lever so that she # 8217 ; ll be gassed to decease. For all practical intents, any differentiation between mercy killing and assisted self-destruction has been abandoned today. Euthanasia in Australia ( pre-1995 ) In the last decennary or so several Australian provinces and districts have taken action aimed at vouching the right of big patients of sound head to direct that extraordinary steps to protract life be stopped. South Australia passed the Natural Death Act in 1983, Victoria the Medical Treatment Act in 1988, the Northern Territory the Natural Death Act in 1988 and the Australian Capital Territory passed the Medical Treatment Act in 1994. NSW issued # 8220 ; interim guidelines # 8221 ; in 1993. The afore-mentioned statute law covers the followers: 1 ) Refusal or backdown of current intervention. 2 ) Publishing a way for refusal of certain intervention in the event that the patient becomes unqualified to do determinations. 3 ) Appointing an agent to do determinations on refusal of intervention in the event that the patient becomes unqualified to do determinations. Though these legislative guidelines trade with the rights of a patient to decline current medical intervention, it is frequently doubted whether they make a considerable difference to medical pattern. Even without the statute law, the right of patients to keep back consent to intervention was by and large accepted. Suicide is legal in all Australian provinces and districts. If you want to kill yourself, you can make so. No 1 has any right to halt you, unless they can demo equal cogent evidence of insanity. Assorted popular books are available which even give inside informations of dependable methods in which to stop 1s life. If a individual says he/she wants to decease, and is non immobilised by disease, yet continues to stay alive, he/she is clearly non serious about wishing to decease, but has expressed a false want. However, some people who wish to perpetrate self-destruction are incapacitated to such an extent that they would be unable to perpetrate self-destruction without aid. Killing a individual in these fortunes can be described as # 8220 ; voluntary mercy killing # 8221 ; . Both mental and physical incapacity are relevant. Solutions, which have been proposed to turn to hindrances forestalling self-destruction, originating from assorted signifiers of incapacity, are listed below: 1 ) A individual is mentally competent but physically helpless. Euthanasia Torahs would supply for the individual to publish a formal petition to be killed, and do it legal for some other individual to make the violent death. 2 ) Person is mentally unqualified to do determinations: Euthanasia Torahs would supply for a individual who is mentally competent to publish a formal petition qualifying that if he/she becomes unqualified and terminally ill, he/she is to hold their life terminated. Or, instead, supply for a individual who is mentally competent to subscribe lawfully adhering power of lawyer giving some nominative 3rd party the authorization to do determinations on the individual # 8217 ; s behalf if the individual becomes unqualified. This would include the authorization to do a formal petition that the individual be killed, if in the agent # 8217 ; s sentiment the fortunes render killing appropriate. Proposals for voluntary mercy killing ever contain the undermentioned elements: 1 ) A mechanism for guaranting that there is some good ground underlying a individual # 8217 ; s wish to be killed. 2 ) A mechanism for guaranting that the individual truly does wish to be killed. 3 ) A mechanism for transporting out the violent death. 4 ) Protection from condemnable prosecution for the 3rd party involved. Three Australian provinces and districts have earnestly considered mercy killing, in each instance as a consequence of a private member # 8217 ; s Bill. Bills were introduced by Mr Moore in the ACT, Mr Perron in the NT, and Mr Quirke in SA. The legislative proposals all contained the undermentioned elements: 1 ) Means for a individual to do a petition that he/she be killed. 2 ) Matters associating to knowledge the patient demands ( i.e. information about wellness position and likeliness of recovery, every bit good as information on how to kill oneself ) . 3 ) Means for a physician to officially province affairs associating to the patient # 8217 ; s wellness position ( i.e. that the patient is rational or of sound head at the clip of doing the petition for mercy killing, and that at the clip the petition is to be carried out the patient is enduring from an incurable disease doing great hurt ) . 4 ) Detailss of the fortunes in which it shall be legal to follow with the individual # 8217 ; s request, including how the killing shall be carried out and by whom. The 1995/96 NT Legislation and Consequent Repeal In March of 1995, the Northern Territory became the first topographic point to legalise voluntary mercy killing. Although Australia does non keep the same ill fame as the Netherlands, the history of the measure has been really controversial. The Northern Territory Rights of the Terminally Ill was passed after a 14-hour argument. The Commonwealth parliament nevertheless, was against this measure and formed a commission to look into and later rede the parliament on whether or non to revoke the Rights of the Terminally Ill Act. The Euthanasia Laws Bill ( 1996 ) removed the power of the Australian Capital Territory, Norfolk Island and the Northern Territory which have Torahs that permit euthanasia. In peculiar, the Bill superseded the Northern Territory # 8217 ; s Rights of the Terminally Ill Act ( 1995 ) , which under certain conditions permits physician-assisted self-destruction and active voluntary mercy killing. Initially there was the inquiry of whether the Commonwealth parliament had the constitutional power to overrule the NT? s Act. However, under subdivision 122 of the Constitution ( which gives the Commonwealth huge power to pass in regard to the Territories ) the Commonwealth was found to hold the power to ordain the Euthanasia Laws Bill. Once the threshold inquiry of Constitutional capacity had been affirmed, the Senate so needed to turn to the inquiry of whether the power ought to be exercised in these fortunes ( sing mercy killing act ) . It was acknowledged that the Commonwealth Parliament should merely retreat legislative powers it has conferred on the Territories in exceeding fortunes. However this peculiarly controversial statute law was considered and therefore decided upon that in that case it was proper for the Commonwealth to step in. Several issues were raised in respects to the mercy killing act, refering all member of both the NT and the remainder of Australia. Both the pro? s and con? s had to be considered within these issues. The issues were: 1 ) The # 8220 ; Territory rights # 8221 ; issue. 2 ) The claim that the Bill will take to legal uncertainness. 3 ) The claim that the Northern Territory # 8217 ; s Rights of the Terminally Ill Act would hold unacceptable impacts on the Aboriginal community. 4 ) The more general moral, philosophical, ethical and societal statements about mercy killing. 5 ) Individual? s rights and pick. / gt ; 6 ) The? self-respect? of decease. 7 ) Safe-guarding. 1 ) The # 8220 ; Territory rights # 8221 ; issue The Commonwealth parliament considered the Rights of the Terminally Ill Act to stand for a basic displacement in Australia # 8217 ; s ethos and societal cloth. It had extra national significance as all Australians, so all people, could hold used the Act. It hence became non merely a affair for the people of the Northern Territory, but a affair refering all people of Australia. The Constitutional model of Australia divides legislative duty between the States and the Commonwealth. The Territories derive their legislative capacity from the Commonwealth, whereas the States do non. States hence, are different to Territories. Territorians are accordingly subjected to a different legislative procedure than are the occupants of the assorted States. The Territories in inquiry have been provided limited signifiers of self-government, therefore the Commonwealth had the right to step in in exceeding fortunes. It is hard to imagine a more exceeding circumstance than mercy killing as it is an issue that deals with the life and decease of Australian citizens, so potentially all the people in the universe. 2 ) Legal Uncertainty In making the Bill, which would revoke the NT? s statute law, the legal effects of give voicing had to be considered. Initially the measure ( 1996 ) did non specify? knowing violent death? and there was no by and large accepted legal significance. A significance was proposed by Mr Tom Hughes QC and Mr Joseph Santamaria QC, maintained that # 8220 ; knowing violent death # 8221 ; has a clear and narrow significance. On this position, the Bill would non interfere with by and large accepted medical patterns. More significantly, the Bill would non take to legal uncertainnesss. Therefore this became the base definition for the Euthanasia Laws Bill. 3 ) Aboriginal Issues Evidence showed that Aboriginal communities were opposed to euthanasia. In fact there was overpowering Aboriginal resistance to the Rights of the Terminally Ill Act. During the enquiry, prior to the passing of the Euthanasia Laws Bill, a major concern emerged about the Northern Territory statute law # 8217 ; s impact on the willingness of Aborigines to entree medical services, given their attitudes to euthanasia and western medical specialty. Mr Mackinolty, who worked in close association with the Aboriginal people as an pedagogue recommending mercy killing, claimed that even though he personally supported his ain right to euthanasia as a non-Aboriginal, his experience in carry oning the instruction run had brought him to the position that the Northern Territory # 8217 ; s Rights of the Terminally Ill Act should be repealed because of its possible to discourage Natives from seeking prompt medical attending. Mr Mackinolty expressed the position that the really being of the Northern Territory statute law is a important menace to Aboriginal wellness. Other Aboriginal groups corroborated this statement. 4 ) General moral, philosophical, ethical and societal issues Advocates of voluntary mercy killing created statement based on single rights, liberty and pick. Those in favor of voluntary mercy killing maintained that the general public overpoweringly back up its statute law and that such a move would simply convey under stringent control and ordinance what in world is already go oning in pattern. Oppositions of voluntary mercy killings based their statements on the holiness of life, spiritual beliefs, the # 8220 ; slippery slope # 8221 ; to involuntary mercy killing and the eroding of medical moralss. Equally shortly as it is allowed that another individual to be involved in the decease of a fellow homo the decision must be drawn that the life is non deserving life. The construct of a life non deserving life and justification of the engagement of a 3rd party in taking that life challenges the really nucleus of our impressions of civilization. Equally shortly as such a construct takes hold within the mind of our state we will take down the value we place on human life. 5 ) Individual Rights and Choice The single rights and liberty statement is at first glimpse persuasive. However even if one supports the rule of mercy killing the inquiry needs to be asked: # 8220 ; Can we sufficiently control the fortunes in which we would let mercy killing? # 8221 ; Persons already have the unchained right to abstain from medical intervention. Suicide is non a offense, although we as a community spend 1000000s of dollars each twelvemonth seeking to advocate and deter the suicidal. The Rights of the Terminally Ill Act does non so much alteration the jurisprudence for the patient as it changes the jurisprudence for the 3rd party ( the physician ) . What should be illegal for the physician became legal under the Rights of the Terminally Ill Act. This had the possible to basically change the doctor/patient relationship. Ultimately, a new right is given to physicians to end the lives of those who are self-destructive and terminally ill. To depict this as supplying a # 8220 ; right to decease # 8221 ; is non logical. 6 ) The? Dignity? of Death This controversial description in support of mercy killing is in fact insensitive and derogatory. The self-respect or otherwise of a decease is non to be determined by the physical fortunes or grade of hurting in which the patient finds themselves. With really few exclusions, pro-euthanasia groups dealt with the term # 8220 ; self-respect # 8221 ; as a peculiar physical circumstance and described it as life or deceasing in such fortunes as affecting a loss of self-respect. These fortunes more frequently than non included loss of continency and mobility. This attack, in mentioning to assorted physical fortunes, systematically dealt with fortunes where the individual had taken on certain disablements and described such fortunes as affecting a loss of self-respect. A distressing equation is therefore drawn between holding # 8220 ; self-respect # 8221 ; and being # 8220 ; without disablement # 8221 ; . The term has been used as though there is a loss of self-respect if person who was antecedently without disablement takes on a disablement in the class of a terminal unwellness. Whilst it was those concerned about the impact on people with disablements who have highlighted this issue it needs to be noted that the impact is even broader. Any impression that those who choose the way of natural decease or those who choose to populate with disablements are in some manner taking the less dignified way should be abhorrent to any caring society. Unfortunately, this attitude that deceasing with self-respect demands that life ends before such fortunes, carries a message, which merely serves to take down those who live in such fortunes. 7 ) Safe-guarding Most protagonists of mercy killing do non see it as an absolute right. As such it is by definition merely available to those persons who have been deemed to be in such fortunes as to be considered better off dead. Whilst it is apprehensible that a patient may come to such a decision, a 3rd party would besides necessitate to get at such a decision and so be prepared to move upon that position, by administrating or supplying a substance with the purpose of stoping the patient # 8217 ; s life. The potency for # 8220 ; guilt feelings # 8221 ; for being a load or excessively dearly-won to those of the community who are in hard fortunes, may go such that they perceive a elusive responsibility on them to exert the mercy killing option. The pick may good go a sensed responsibility. This is particularly so when considered in the context of remarks by those such as former Governor General, Hon Bill Hayden # 8217 ; s remarks that? there is a point when the wining coevalss merit to be disencumbered -to coin a clumsy word # 8211 ; of some unproductive loads? . Decision In recent old ages mercy killing has become a really combative subject. The Grecian means easy decease, yet the contention environing it is merely the opposite. Whether the issue is declining to protract life automatically, helping self-destruction or active mercy killing, we finally have to face societies? frights towards decease itself. Above all civilization cultivates fear against ageing, decease, and deceasing, and it is non easy for people to except that it is an inevitable portion of life. However, the issues that surround mercy killings are non merely about decease and death but are besides about rights, autonomy, privateness and control over one? s organic structure. So the inquiry remains: who has the right? 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Managing Occupational Health and Safety Industry

Question: Discuss about the Managing Occupational Health and Safety Industry. Answer: Introduction Mining engineering can be defined as that particular discipline of the engineering which is associated with the utilization of scientific and technological tools for ensuring the safe and efficient extraction of minerals from under the earths surface (Hilson Hilson 2017) . On the other hand, project management is associated with the planning, execution, control and management of the work forces that associated with any work groups (Kerzner, 2013). The proposed research work would be primarily aimed at highlighting the factors that have lead to the failure of organizational projects in the mining industry. The introductory section of the report provides the audience with the brief discussion into the background of the research work, whereas the detailed discussion on the same would be presented in section 2 of the report. The aims and objectives of the research work would be discussed in section 3 of the report, besides highlighting the research questions to be utilized in the study. The identification of the research aims and objectives would be followed by brief discussion of the literary articles reviewed during the project, along with the methodology followed for doing the same. The data collected during the course of the project would also be analysed and discussed in the report. Background information As a student of the mining engineering, it has always occurred to me that project management principles can be successfully utilized in any mining organization for effectively managing the technical and operational activities associate with the extraction of metals. The highly critical principles of project management can not only be utilized for managing the technologies, work procedure and other resources utilized in the mining filed, but also for ensuring their optimal utilization (Hilson Hilson, 2017). However, in the practical filed, project management principles have not yet been utilized successfully in the domain of mining engineering. In fact, the initial research work conducted in this domain indicate that the role of project management consultant is yet not well defined in the context of mining engineering (Amoatey, Famiyeh Andoh, 2017). Aims and objectives of the project It has already been discussed in the introductory section of the report that the rate of failure of organizational projects is considerably high on the mining industry: the scenario is not different in India. While the non utilization of effective project management principles can be considered as one of the primary factors for the high rate of unsuccessful projects, the identification of the environmental factors that restrict the optimal use of PM principles is absolutely required. Besides this, the research study would also focus on the identification of the appropriate role that project management consultants can play for achieving success in mining projects in India. Thus, the primary objective of the project can be outlined as the following: To identify the main reasons for project failure in Mining industries in India To identify the environmental factors that restricts the optimal utilization of the project management principles in the mining industry of India. To identify the role that project management consultants should play for achieving success in mining projects in India Research questions According to Panneerselvam (2014), the identification of the research questions is one of the most elementary steps of conducting any academic study. The author comments that research questions, when framed appropriately facilitate the process of identifying the direction of the study. The following questions have been framed based on the aims and objectives of the study: What are the main reasons for project failure in Mining industries in India? Which environmental factors restrict the optimal utilization of the project management principles in the mining industry of India? What role the project management consultants should play for achieving success in mining projects in India? It is expected that in the due course of the research study, the answers to these question would be found, thus meeting the objectives of the study. Literature review Mining industry expert Hilson and Hilson (2017) have highlighted the fact that although a the economic development of developing countries depend significantly on the successful extraction and utilization of their natural resource, yet the Indian economy is yet to reap the full benefits of being wealthy of natural resources. According to the authors, the primary reason behind such a scenario is that the success rate of mining projects is considerably low: in fact almost 62 percent of the mining projects either run out of budget or do not get completed within the timeline committed to the client. Thus, the author considers lack of project planning (or inadequate project planning) as the primary reason for such project failures. On the other hand, researchers Amoatey, Famiyeh and Andoh (2017) have commented that the mining industry in India typically suffers from the lack of skilled human resource, which affects the quality of the projects, along with the rate of success. The authors have highlighted the fact that human resources have the capability to impact every possible aspect of any project, starting from the quality of the feasibility studies conducted before starting any project work, the financial calculations and predictions associated any planning and the planning work required for the same. Thus, the lack of skilled human capital handicaps the very scop of conducting any mining project usefully. Researches Ferguson, Clinch and Kean (2011) have actively supported the opinion that human capitals associated with all mining organizations affect the success rates of the projects undertaken by them. The authors have highlighted yet another point, which demands special attention: at present, there exists a 10 to 15 percent deficit of mining engineers throughout all mining organizations of the world. It is a well known fact, that engineers act as the life-line support of all mining operations: thus guaranteeing the successful completion of any mining activity is indeed not feasible when the engineers associated with the same are overburdened. On the other hand, researchers Chenc and Zorigt (2013) emphasise on the selection and utilization of appropriate technological tools for ensuring the successful completion of mining projects. On the other hand, researchers Muduliet at al.(2013) have emphasized solely on the identification of the factors that are found to be associated with the failure of start up mining projects all over the world. The authors are of the opinion that apart from the unsuccessful or inappropriate use of project management policies in the mining industries, several other industry specific factors are responsible for the failure of such projects, the factors being outlined in the section below: Experience: It is widely acknowledged by experts across all industries that setting up start up projects require the association of experience resources in all levels of the organization. This factor is considered to be of even more importance in the domain of mining (Krishna et al. 2013). The authors have commented that in case of start up mining projects, employing experience resources in all level of the project is not sufficient: the entire team must have the experience of working together in conditions similar to that exists in the mines under consideration. According to Sreebha and Padmalal (2011), most start up mining projects lack the association of such experienced team, which eventually leads to the failure of such initiatives. Hiring process: The authors have seconded the opinion that the lack of skilled workforce is one of the core issues that mining organizations all over the world suffer from. According to them, hiring and retaining expert miners and geologists is one of the most difficult tasks that administrative heads of mining organization need to conduct and start up mining projects are bound to fail in absence of effective hiring processes. In this particular section of the report, the tools and techniques utilized for conducting the research work in practice would be highlighted. Research philosophy: The term research philosophy is defined as that particular belief based on which the entire study is conducted (Mackey Gass, 2015). The post positivist research philosophy has been utilized for conducting this study as the same takes into consideration the fact that the final outcomes of the study would indeed be affected by the environment in which it is conducted. Research Approach: The deductive approach of research work was utilized in conducting the study, as the same allows the consideration of information available from existing literary articles and papers (Flick, 2015). Research Design: The primary objective of this research work was to identify the various factors that result in the failure of mining projects in India. Thus, the exploratory research design was utilized in conducting the study. Data Collection and analysis procedure: The information included in this report has been collected from the existing literary articles and research papers that highlight the findings of studies conducted in the very same domain. Thus, it can be said that the secondary information was utilized in the project (Silverman 2016). On the other hand, the data collected from these sources were analyzed in a qualitative manner. Findings and analysis In this section of the report, the information that was collected from different secondary sources would be highlighted. These data sets would then be compared with the concepts and theories identified during the literature review phase, thus moving one-step closer to concluding the study. In an attempt to identify some of the major issues that the organizations operating across various mines of India are experiencing at present, the Mines and Metals Division of the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce Industry (or the FICCI) had released a white paper in December 2013 (FICCI, 2013). The findings of the research work conducted by the members of FICCI are being presented briefly in the section below: A large number of small non-fuel mines are located across several regions of the country. In spite of their small size, the contributions that they make to the mining industry of the country, and to the economy as a whole, are indeed significant. However, for the last few decades, the production of these mines have almost become stagnant, primarily due the lack of capital investment in the existing infrastructure of the facilities (Sen, Mukherjee Pattanayak, 2011). According to FICCI , the main reason behind this lack is of capital investment lies in the fact that the banks and other financial institutions of the reluctant of providing loans to small sized mines. The smaller mines or start up mining organizations are often found to be not capable of hiring (and retaining) experienced miners, engineers and geologist that are required for running these projects successfully for a considerable length of time (Gottesfeld Cherry, 2011). The lack of capital investment also restricts the implementation of advanced technologies in these facilities, thus restricting the production of the facilities (Hatherly 2013). The experts conducting the study on the behalf of the FICCI have also associated this factor with the existence of the large number of non-operating mines all over the country. Along with the above mentioned factors, the authors have also emphasized on the amalgamation of the very small sized mining projects that are currently being conducted throughout the country (Iakovleva Sillanp, 2013). According to them, such amalgamation would indeed facilitate the process of procuring budgetary resources, which in turn would helping the management in solving other operational issues (as for example, the lack of infrastructure, the lack of qualified and experience resources, the lack of advanced technology, etc). POSCO , one of the largest steel makers of South Korea has in the very recent past declared that it is willing to back off from the proposed mining project that was to be set up Orissa (Posco.com, 2017). The project has an estimated valuation of 12 billion US dollars, of which the organization has already paid 4.4 millionUS dollars to the Odisha Industrial Infrastructure Development Corp way back in 2005. However, the project has yet not been initiated due to delays in availing permits from the various government departments and POSCO has cited this very lack of government initiative as the primary reason behind their decision (Muduli Barve 2011). On the other hand, ArcelorMittal, the largest steel producer of the world ( in terms of production) have also indicated that they would abandon their proposed mining project at Orissa, citing the same reason of delayed permits (Arcelormittal.com, 2017). Researchers Jia, Diabat and Mathiyazhagan (2015) have highlighted the fact that one of the most common problems associated with the mining projects of India, that often leads to abandoning of set ups as mentioned in the section of the report, lies in the fact that adequate feasibility studies are not conducted before the declaration of the same. In fact, the researchers have commented that conducting detailed feasibility studies would indeed be helpful in identifying the environmental factors that are capable of causing delays to the projects and avoiding the same (Govindan, Kannan Shankar, 2014; Karacan et al. 2011). The Planning Commission of India had released a white paper in the year 2012 so as to highlight the strategies that need to be taken up by the entrepreneurs interested in conducting mining projects so as to conduct the same in a sustainable manner (Planningcommission.nic.in, 2017). The author of the report have recommended a couple of sustainable development strategies to the concerned authorities, a brief insight to which have been provided below. It is a well known fact that mining is considered as that particular industry that plays havoc on the society and environment. This very fact have been to have resulted in the protest of the locals against setting up of new mining projects in various parts of India ( as for example the POSCO project in Orissa), which in turn have resulted in delays in the process of granting permits from the departments of the government. The authors of this report are of the opinion that the application of appropriate project management policies can play a very important role in finding solutions to such environmental and political issues. The experts have in fact emphasized on conducting activities that can reduce the extent of negative impact on the social-economic status of the locals (by developing scope of employment for locales, developing infrastructure of the region, assisting the locals in relocating to other areas, etc) to minimize the resistance of the locals. The consultation of the key stakeholders associated with any project is an alien concept in the domain of mining industry in India. In fact, this very situation is responsible for most of the issue that are experienced in executing the projects, like that of delays in permissions from all concerned departments of the sate and central governments, non availability of funding, non availability of skilled resources, non co-operation on the behalf of the locals, etc (Govindan et al. 2014; Singh et al. 2011). Thus, the authors are of the opinion that appropriate analysis of all stakeholders associated with the project, with the development of strategic plans, can significantly improve the condition of the mining industry of India. Discussion of findings The discussions presented in the preceding section of the report highlights the fact, the primary reasons behind the failure of mining projects can be boiled down to only a handful of factors including the following: The lack of capital investment in the sector, The lack of skilled and experienced resources The lack of government initiatives and Significant lack in feasibility analysis of the project On the other hand, the information collected during the literature review phase of the project indicates that the primary reasons that lead to the failure of mining projects all over the world include the following: The lack of use of modern technologies which indeed results from the acute lack of budget, The non-availability of experienced resources and The non-utilization of appropriate project management policies. Thus, it can be concluded that Indian mining industry experiences the very same issues that are responsible for failure of projects in the very same industry throughout the world. However, it has also been indentified the concept of project management is completely ignored by thee mining organizations of India, which results in generation of resistance among different sectors of the society, which further delays the project. Yet another issue that is particular to India is the concerned governmental and political offices are reluctant at taking initiatives towards resolving the issues, which is practically forcing large names in mining to abandon their project setups in India. Conclusion The discussions made in the above sections of the report indicate that the primary reasons behind the failure of mining projects in India include the following: Significant lack in feasibility analysis of the project The lack of capital investment in the sector, The lack of government initiatives and The lack of skilled and experienced resources. However, when attempts were made to identify the environmental factors restrict the optimal utilization of the project management principles in the mining industry of India, it was observed that the concept of project management is alien to the same. Project management, which is considered as one of the most essential factors required for the successful conduction of any project, includes the following: The estimation the feasibility of the project, The identification of the stakeholders associated with the project along with the analysis and consideration of the same and The identification of the risks associated with the project along with the determination of strategies for mitigating the same. In the light of the discussions made in the preceding sections of the report, the utilization of the effective project management principles is being recommended to the organizations associated with the mining industry in India. It is expected that experienced project consultants would be capable of managing the resources efficiently, besides identifying the risks associated with the same and finding means to ensure the co-operation of stakeholders of all levels. Bibliography Amoatey, C. T., Famiyeh, S., Andoh, P. (2017). 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