Say You’re One of Them

In numerous regards, the world’s consideration has avoided present day Africa as of late, undoubtedly because of the flimsy residential circumstances in different pieces of the world. As of late, be that as it may, the assortment of stories composed by Uwem Akpan, Say You’re One of Them, has taken back to the cutting edge the entirety of the torment and challenge of life in Africa right now. The humankind that gets through the words not just pulls at the heartstrings of the peruser, yet in addition offers solid expressions about social clash, class battles and other social wonders. This examination won't just talk about Akpan’s work, yet additionally these entwined issues inside the work. Eventually, the work will be better valued and seen, yet additionally, current issues will be uncovered. Conversation of the Various Issues of Cultural Conflict inside the Story When the exploration was presented, the fact of the matter was made that Akpan’s work was profoundly enthusiastic, yet in addition offers solid social expressions. Making that attestation a stride further is conceivable when utilizing explicit models from the work to recognize and examine the different parts of social clash to be found in the story. The first of the zones of social clash which develops in the work is the tremendous gap between the monetary classes inside present day Africa. An early story in the work recounts a little fellow whose sister goes to road prostitution with the end goal for him to have the option to stand to go to class an explicit endeavor to get away from the lower class and rise in African culture. So exceptional is this longing to propel that extraordinary measures are taken by helpless Africans to make a decent living: â€Å"When Baby was conceived, we pawned 75% of his garments to settle debts† (Akpan, 2008, p. 13). In this way, individual Africans are in truth socially partitioned along monetary lines, in spite of hailing from a similar country. Language is likewise an isolating variable in cutting edge Africa, or all the more explicitly, the way that someone’s voice sounds not exclusively could separate them from others in a social setting, however in certainty could prompt real mischief for those of one culture who experience restriction from another, as found in this extract from the work: â€Å"He was an obvious objective for the irregular savagery that seized the land†¦a straightforward thing like his intonation could give him away† (Akpan, 2008, p. 93). This is an intriguing component of social clash with regards to an exceptionally assorted landmass it is a novel kind of circumstance whereby somebody who only talks in an unexpected manner in comparison to others could in reality set them apart and lead to broke subcultures, however that is actually what Akpan is depict ing. Moreover, there is a subculture of viciousness that is common in the Africa of today; to be progressively explicit, quite a bit of Africa is managed at the present by well off warlords, who basically manufacture their own militaries and make their own standards for their own headway. Fundamentally, these people are utilizing power to distance and mistreat their own kindred Africans, keeping the frail in a condition of neediness and keeping them from potential enhancements that would permit them to outperform their oppressors: â€Å"Our northern officers are liable for the extraordinary destitution in the land† (Akpan, 2008, p. 314). Accordingly, we see the foundation of another culture of the incredible over that of the feeble. This culture is moreover to some degree prohibitive, as the punishment for attempting to get away from it would be ruthlessness, best case scenario, and passing even from a pessimistic standpoint. Changes in the Culture in the Story In Say You’re One of Them, there are far reaching developments to African culture that can be seen when looking all the more carefully at the focuses that are made in work; the way of life is basically moving from one of glad customs and a grasping of the decent variety of the different countries of the mainland to an increasingly partitioned one, where contrasts in financial status, language and capacity to retaliate against the individuals who have the ability to demolish each other has outweighed everything else (Mwaria, et al, 2004). A significant point should be made here-in spite of the fact that what's going on in Africa as indicated by Akpan is surely troubling, it isn't exceptional to Africa, nor is it constrained to lands where opportunity is not exactly broadly accessible. This can be brought up with an investigate different societies where division is convoluting matters at present. A Study of Other Cultures Like Africa, the United States is a blend of various societies and furthermore like Africa, has experienced a lot of culture conflict lately. This contention has occurred in a few various societies and has isolated individuals in a few distinct manners. To start with, along lines of ethnicity, the US has seen a recharged degree of consciousness of the crucial contrasts in individuals because of the horrendous fear monger demonstrations of September 11, 2001 on American soil. On account of this crucial occasion, those wishing to move to the US from different countries, regardless of whether lawfully or wrongfully, have met with resistance running from scorn to shock and demonstrations of unjustifiable savagery (Moser, 2000). Doubtlessly like Africa, the assorted variety of culture that made America such a remarkable spot has been watered down in a whirlwind of bias, dread and bogus impressions around some ethnic gathering. Rather than bringing new societies into the American scene and afterward permitting them to absorb into the overarching American culture, individuals are being barred from the chance to do as such from the earliest starting point, denying them of chance, yet in addition smothering the progression of American culture from inside. Strategically, Americans have likewise shaped subcultures that recently have been in a lot of contention. Late years have seen contrasts in political attitude become key issues that as opposed to uniting these people for solid discussion, have as a rule separated people to the disservice of the political procedure (Shogan, 2002). Every once in a while, this distinction has additionally turned unpredictable in more than one occurrence as wars of words once in a while transform into demonstrations of savagery. In conclusion, class envy is additionally fit as a fiddle in America, making social clashes, particularly given the current desperate monetary atmosphere on the planet. Tied near the policy driven issues of the country, monetarily different individuals are ordinarily partitioned by an absence of comprehension of each other’s culture-a culture characterized by cash and benefit or the nonattendance thereof. By and large Analysis of the Reading Akpan’s book opened the eyes of the scientist from multiple points of view, not the least of which was as far as increasing an understanding that social contrasts can either make a brilliant mix of various conventions and thoughts or can partition individuals and lead them to crush others. This acknowledgment evoked in the specialist the inclination that decent variety must be grasped, in case its capacity devour and devastate one culture because of another. End The exploration has made significant focuses about culture, assorted variety, and the interminable difference in the human condition. Taking everything into account, maybe the best point to detract from the examination is the way that without a resilience in any event and grasping, best case scenario of assorted variety, nobody can genuinely be free.

Hart Rudman Commission Report Essay

The U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century, much of the time known as the Hart-Rudman Commission after its executives, gave its third and last report in January 2001. The main concern end is that the essential national security challenge that the United States will look in the following 20 or 30 years will be an assault by a foe on the American country which could deliver a large number of losses. To manage this danger, the commission requires a significant rearrangement of the U.S. national security mechanical assembly. The changed security condition and the changed danger to American culture propose a crucial reconsidering of the associations intended to accomplish national security. Stage 1 †New World Coming: American Security in the 21st Century was the main report finished by the Commission (July 1998 †August 1999). This Report is committed to seeing how the world will probably develop throughout the following 25 years. It depicts worldwide patterns in logical, innovative, monetary, socio-political and military security spaces and the exchange of these advancements on U.S. national security. Master: The country has a superior comprehension of the worldwide impacts that influencing America; along these lines, it helps better planning the country to handle any up and coming impediments. Con: With the trend setting innovation advancement, increasingly perilous weapons are being created. Stage 2: Seeking a National Strategy: A Concert for Preserving Security and Promoting Freedom (August 1999 †April 2000). This Report conceived a U.S. national security technique to manage the world in 2025. The reason for the Phase II Report is to characterize an American procedure dependent on U.S. interests and key destinations. It builds up a methodology for America to tie down the advantages of an increasingly incorporated world to extend opportunity, security, and flourishing and to hose the powers of flimsiness. Professional: The improvement aided fortifies our security to shield ourâ nation. Con: In request to fix our national security, the overall population to some degree needs to scarify levels of protection. Stage 3 †Roadmap for National Security: Imperative for Change (April 2000 †February 2001). This Report suggested critical and complete institutional and procedural changes all through the Executive and Legislative Branches so as to address the difficulties of 2025. Genius: The formation of the Department of Homeland Security denotes a noteworthy advance forward for the United States in tending to the danger presented by fear mongering inside its fringes. Con: The suggestion of huge rebuilding to re-adjust government workplaces, branches, and methods with the worldwide real factors, we are giving more capacity to the legislature to change the structure of our country; how one can be sure this will prompt positive result. Reference Lathrop, C., and Eaglen, M. M. The Institute of Land Warfare, (2001). The commission on national security/21st century: A hart-rudman commission preliminary (NSW 01-2)

Geography and Facts on Disney Theme Parks

Topography and Facts on Disney Theme Parks Disneys first amusement park was Disneyland, situated in Anaheim California. Disneyland opened on July 17, 1955. During the 1970s, the Walt Disney Company built up its Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Division after the development of the Magic Kingdom at the Walt Disney Resort in Orlando, Florida. Since its establishing in 1971, the Walt Disney Parks and Resorts Division has been answerable for growing its unique Disney stops and building new stops everywhere throughout the world. For instance, Disneys unique park, Disneyland, was extended to incorporate Disneys California Adventure Park in 2001. Coming up next is a rundown of the Disney parks situated far and wide and a short synopsis of what each park incorporates: Disneyland Resort This is the principal Disney resort and is situated in Anaheim, California. It opened in 1955 yet has been extended since and now incorporates Disneys California Adventure Park, Downtown Disney and lavish inns, for example, the Disneyland Hotel, Disneys Grand Californian Hotel and Spa, and Disneys Paradise Pier Hotel. Walt Disney World Resort This retreat was Disneys second undertaking in Orlando, Florida and is an extension of the Magic Kingdom which opened in 1971. Today its amusement parks incorporate the first Magic Kingdom, Epcot, Disneys Hollywood Studios and Disneys Animal Kingdom. Likewise, there are water parks, strip malls, and a huge assortment of inns and resorts at or close to this Disney area. Tokyo Disney Resort ï » ¿This was the primary Disney resort to open outside of the United States. It opened in Urayasu, Chiba, Japan in 1983 as Tokyo Disneyland. It was extended in 2001 to incorporate Tokyo DisneySea which includes a nautical, submerged subject. Like the U.S. areas, Tokyo Disney has a huge strip mall and extravagance resort lodgings. Also, the retreat is said to have one of the biggest stopping structures on the planet. Disney Paris ï » ¿Disney Paris opened under the name Euro Disney in 1992. It is situated in the Paris suburb of Marne-la-Vallã ©e and has two amusement parks (Disneyland Park and Walt Disney Studios Park), a green and a wide range of resort inns. Disney Paris likewise has a huge strip mall called Disney Village. Hong Kong Disneyland Resort This 320-section of land park is situated in Pennys Bay on Lantau Island, Hong Kong and opened in 2005. It comprises of one amusement park and two inns (Hong Kong Disneyland Hotel and Disneys Hollywood Hotel). The recreation center has plans to extend later on. Shanghai Disneyland Resort The latest Disney Park is in Shanghai. It was endorsed by the legislature of China in 2009 and is relied upon to open in 2014. Disney Cruise Line The Disney Cruise Line was created in 1995. It presently works two boats one of which is called Disney Magic and the other is Disney Wonder. They started working in 1998 and 1999, separately. Every one of these boats goes to the Caribbean and have a port of call at Disneys Castaway Cay Island in the Bahamas. The Disney Cruise Line intends to include two additional boats in 2011 and 2012. Notwithstanding the previously mentioned amusement stops and resorts, Walt Disneys Parks and Resorts Division has plans to open extra stops in Europe and Asia. It likewise has plans to extend a few existing parks, for example, the Hong Kong and Paris areas. Source: Wikipedia. (2010, March 17). Walt Disney Parks and Resorts - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Recovered from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney_Parks_and_Resorts

Service learning assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Administration learning - Assignment Example Likewise, administration learning empowers the students to become dynamic residents who make a noteworthy commitment to the prosperity of the general public through the administrations that they offer. As per Furco and Billig (2002), administration learning is material in various set ups of realizing which incorporate religious and network based associations, colleges, and different sorts of learning organizations. The members, in the administration learning project can be individuals from a whole school, class or just a couple of chosen understudies. Furco and Billig (2002) gave out a basic case of administration learning whereby gatherings of understudies attempt tasks to gather refuse inside the neighboring town place, and thereafter they set up a report archiving on the wellsprings of the rubbish and the measures that can be executed to control this issue. Through the division of Community Engagement, the Virginia Commonwealth University has set-up a well-intricate assistance learning program that is dynamic and pulls in more than 3,000 understudies on a yearly premise. The individuals who are associated with the administration learning ventures are understudies at the college just as certain individuals from the school personnel. The clients of the activities attempted by the understudy of the college are neighborhood networks in the U.S just as different pieces of the world. The Virgina Commonwealth University-administration learning program is broadened in various regions, for example, wellbeing, training, ecological protection, advancement of harmony and prosperity of the general public, and network refinement programs, among others. In this manner, the neighborhood network where the college understudies will choose to lead their administration learning will profit contingent upon the venture they will attempt, for instance, the network could profit by a cleaner situation, development of an amusement site, or instruction on social issues. Crane et al. (2013) expressed that other than profiting by

Digital Marketing Plan of Tsingtao Beer free essay sample

Tsingtao Beer fabricated by Tsingtao Brewery Company Limited (hereinafter alluded to as Tsingtao Brewery ) which set up in 1903 by a German specialist and a British businessperson made a joint endeavor organization in Qingdao, which is the Chinas authentic lager producer. Tsingtao Brewery chooses of top notch barleys, wheat, rice, yeast and unadulterated water as crude materials to blend lager. Tsingtao Brewery (0168) was recorded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange at 15 July 1993, is the primary terrain Chinese organization recorded abroad. Around the same time on 27 August, Tsingtao Brewery (600600) was likewise recorded on the Shanghai Stock Exchange, turning into the main Chinese double recorded organization. It was the official backer of the Beijing Olympic Games in 2008. As of the finish of 2012, Tsingtao Brewery has 59 distilleries in 20 regions and urban areas in China. In 2012 the organization finished a sum of 790 million liters of lager for deals; organization accomplished working salary of 25. 782 billion RMB; owing to investors of recorded companies’ net benefit of 1. We will compose a custom article test on Advanced Marketing Plan of Tsingtao Beer or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page 759 billion RMB, which is the most productive organization in the China’s lager fermenting industry. The present brand esteem is 80. 585 billion RMB, is positioning the first in Quite a while lager preparing industry and granted as the universes top 500 brands. Barth Report, the most position report of the worldwide lager industry positioning as indicated by the creation sum, Tsingtao Brewery is the 6th biggest brew maker on the planet. Tsingtao Brewery’s lager items are sent out to the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Australia, South Korea, Japan, Hong Kong, Macao and other 80 nations and districts. Tsingtao Brewery’s vision is to turn into a worldwide predominant organization all around( ); and it strategic â€Å"with our enthusiasm to blending the consumers’ most loved lager to make bliss for the life. †( , ) Tsingtao Brewery is one of the main brand enter the universal market in China which delivering different kinds of lager items, there showcasing methodology is joined with brand correspondence, consumers’ experience and items deals( : â€Å" †. ); it created income by selling items that is Business-to-Customer (B2C) that an exchange happens between an organization and a shopper, it might portray an organization that gives merchandise or administrations to the end-client buyers. Its plan of action is Click-and-Mortar that incorporates both on the web and disconnected activities, which ordinarily incorporate a site and a physical store. A tick and-mortar organization can offer clients the advantages of quick online exchanges or customary eye to eye administration. Contenders Analysis Yanjing Beer (China) is household contender. Market Analysis PESTLE Analysis PESTLE investigation (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environment examination) depicts a system of large scale ecological elements utilized in the natural checking segment of vital administration. It is a piece of the outside examination when leading a vital investigation or doing statistical surveying, and gives a review of the diverse full scale natural factors that the organization needs to contemplate. It is a helpful vital device for understanding business sector development or decrease, business position, potential and heading for activities. (A) Political Factors From now and the following hardly any years, China and the world political circumstance is fundamentally steady. â€Å"Peace and Development† are the two fundamental topics of the contemporary world; it is likewise a typical conviction of individuals around the globe. China follows these contemporary subjects and builds up the exchange relations with different nations, as per the World Trade Organization (WTO) was built up in 1990. China’s duty obstructions are blurred, in this way, extraordinary outside brands go into China, there are around 40 remote brands of lager are enter and fabricate in China, which creation are 4. 3% of the household lager creation. Confronting the difficulties of outside brands of lager is an incredible effect on Chinas lager fermenting industry, in any case, it likewise have a few advantages that the decrease of import duties has grow the decisions of remote excellent crude materials and remote high innovation types of gear, e. g. buy the high innovation types of gear can improve the degree of fermenting, what's more, it additionally can lead China’s brew items into worldwide market. . (B) Economic Factors Financial cycle is the refection of the monetary from the procedure of expansionrecessionrecoveryboom; its upward and descending developments alongside the degrees of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and alludes to the time of extensions and withdrawals in the degree of monetary exercises (business changes) around its drawn out development pattern. [2] According to the related measurements show that China is at present in the â€Å"expansion† phase of the monetary cycle, and from the Prediction Results of the Economic Growth in 2001-2020 directed the State Council Development Research Center, the China’s GDP development rate somewhere in the range of 2001 and 2010 is 7. 9%, along these lines, it can foresee that China has persistently steady and feasible financial improvement in the forthcoming years; as this explanation, China has an advancement potential in financial matters, that infers the lager blending industry will likewise has a solid improvement power. (C) Social Factors (1) Lifestyle change Beer originally showed up in old Egypt and Mesopotamia (Iraq), it is enhanced by Egypt and through North Africa, Eby, Leah promontory, France go into south of Germany, and the German specialist send out the world over. After the Chinese society had change, from the impact of Western culture, the food culture had blended towards western, that brew had import into China, individuals from absolutely not perceive lager, and now become a drink that is imperative. (2) Effect of Growing Population According to the pattern of China developing populace, since mid 70s, China had upheld a â€Å"One-Child-Policy†, the birth rate has diminished essentially, be that as it may, the incredible authentic legacy populace size is as yet significant. As per the measurements, in 2000, China had 8. 16 million individuals matured 18-60, is 2. multiple times contrast and 1964, since 18-60 years of age individuals are the lager purchaser bunches that implies the possibility of China’s lager fermenting industry is well indeed. (D) Technological Factors Technology is the most remarkable component that can changing human fate. The companys advancement is indistinguishable from innovation, if there are no innovation and item development, there is no business development and progress, and no business future. Tsingtao Brewery can go into the universal market, since they have innovation and item advancement. Nonetheless, base on the general execution of China’s household bottling works, the innovation level is moderately low, model is generally little, material utilization is generally high, proficiency is moderately low, utilize 8-40 cubic meters of water to create 1 tons of lager, in any case, other created nations simply utilize 5-10 cubic meters to deliver 1 tons of lager, that implies China’s distillery innovation level isn't experienced, along these lines, mechanical advancement, spare constrained assets, fortifying natural insurance is the brew blending industry improvement patterns. (E) Legal Factors Law is playing a controlling and improvement of security, management and constraint jobs in lager blending industry, as indicated by the economy advancement of the general public, the business exchanges is progressively visit and the market condition is increasingly confounded, in this manner confronted different potential lawful issues. In the event that the business procedure exists in the legitimate issues can not be understood quickly, it will aggregated; when the issues is found, the venture will endure a noteworthy misfortunes. The â€Å"Law of Food Safety will discharge by The State Administration of Quality Supervision at the fourth period of 2013, which urge the endeavors to utilize cutting edge innovation to lead the quality check process. The State Administration of Quality Supervision has discovered the lager has surpassed formaldehyde at 2012. It mirrors the lager preparing industry is disregard on the significant laws and guidelines; there will have a negative impact to the household lager fermenting industry. (F) Environmental Factors most of mechanical exercises may crush the common habitat unavoidably, be that as it may, starting now and into the foreseeable future, United Nations (UN) and the Governments around the globe have focused on the earth contamination, and discharge related law to stop nature contamination. This is both a goal to secure the Earths condition, and furthermore a way that agreeable concurrence among man and nature. By preparing lager, it must need to release wastewater; as of now, appraisal of lager blending mechanical wastewater quality is utilizing national release standard GB8978-1996 Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard, not determined independently for the brew fermenting industry release norms, be that as it may, from 1 January 2006 on, Beer Brewing Industry Emission Standards had authorized as obligatory norm. To sum up the PESTLE examination to Tsingtao Beer, political dependability and political perspectives and lead are legitimately influent the whole financial condition to have positive or negative impact, and at various phases of monetary cycle and the degree of monetary improvement will influence the social culture and way of life. Economy gave assurance of the quality to innovation advancement, simultaneously, mechanical development can improve the economy. To include a few laws and guidelines additionally put more exertion on condition security to accomplish manageable developme

3. Skill Getting, Or Skill Using, Which Is Most Important For

3. Skill Getting, Or Skill Using, Which Is Most Important For 3. Skill Getting, Or Skill Using, Which Is Most Important For Elementary Learners, And For Advanced â€" Essay Example > IntroductionListening and speaking skills are of great importance to students. The skills enable students to be comfortable when speaking and when taking part in both social and academic activities in society. Listening and speaking classes provide learners with ample time to focus on the given instructions in listening and speaking tasks. Speaking classes emphasises that the first thing elementary learners must have in the speaking field is and understanding of essential communication skills in the national language, in order to be more fluent and comfortable when in casual conversational set ups. The listening and speaking skills offered in the speaking classes are seen as communicative tasks and therefore the major emphasis of these classes is successful communication by the learners. The other emphasis is on particular sound aspects of the used language, but this is of less importance (Wolvin, 1995). Moreover precision in pronunciation of words is treated as a feature of commu nication processes although there are differences in individual students’ accents. The major areas that are considered in speaking and listening development are increasing fluency, gaining knowledge on how to take part in whole class and small group discussions, and ability to give small talks on both personal and complex educational topics. Practice in the speaking activities requires application of conversation organization skills, employment of dynamic listening skills and use of compensation plans for mispronunciation of words. Listening tasks focus on the development of auditory conception strategies with a major emphasis on constructing vocabulary, learning to foretell a topic, recognize the pattern of words and phrases, and pay attention to the universal significance of conversations. There are also classroom lectures. Definitions of listening and oral communicationDefining the field of skills, attitudes or knowledge to be evaluated is at the centre of every assessment. T he majority of people only barely describe verbal communication, focusing on listening and speaking skills independently. Customarily, when people define speaking abilities they do it in a public speaking context. The Ministry of Education has been focusing on communication tasks that reveal a diversity of settings such as small group, one to one, mass media and many to one. The other strategy is focusing on use of communication to attain precise objectives such as to persuade, to inform and to resolve problems. The final tendency is focusing on essential competencies which are needed for day to day life, for instance, seeking information, giving directions or offering vital information during an emergency. This last trend is applied in verbal communication association plans for secondary and elementary students (Donald, 1984). The broad majority views insist that verbal communication is an interactive procedure whereby persons alternately hold the task of listener and orator; comm unication consists of both nonverbal and verbal components. Listening, like comprehension, reading is generally described as a receptive task composed of both interpretive analytical procedure and physical process. However, this description is usually extended to comprise vital listening skills such as comprehending the significance of a voice pitch, gestures, facial expressions and several nonverbal cues. The extended description of listening also stresses the relationship between speaking and listening.

Bad Tristan and Jolly Good King Mark - Literature Essay Samples

The themes of misinterpretation and passivity are threaded throughout Berouls text The Romance of Tristan: characters often misread signs and events, as well as each other. There are several key misinterpretations in the story that reveal where the authors true sympathies lie. Because most of what happens to Tristan can be attributed to people or events that are out of his hands, he is blamed by neither the other characters nor himself, and never assumes a truly penitent role. Though this may be Tristans romance by title, he is certainly not the character with whom readers are intended to empathize. King Mark often misinterprets circumstances as well, but to vastly different ends. His indecisiveness is at times endearing, and though he is the enemy of our hero, his character is ultimately cast in a more positive light than the titular protagonist.The events that take place in the text are rarely motivated by Tristans hand: Tristan makes few, if any, decisions on his own. A patt ern emerges in which Broul repeatedly reveals Tristans inefficacy to the reader, but because the other characters in the text do not see Tristans flaws, he remains the hero. He is in love with Isolde, but it is only because of a potion: [t]he wine they drank, which caused them so much torment (Broul 250) is at fault. The fact that even though Tristan loves Isolde he could choose not to give in to his desires is never discussed. In fact, as a symbol, the potion is quite uncourtly since it stands for an emotion totally unrelated to courtly values (Kunzer 149); even the means through which Tristan finds love casts him in a negative light. It is Governal who provides Tristan with a way to escape his execution, by giving him a sword and hauberk and urging him to refrain from returning to rescue Isolde: If his master had not urged him not to go, he would have returned in spite of all the people of Tintagel, without fear for his life (Broul 238). Tristan is ready to make a hasty and u nwise decision, and stops only because he is advised against it, enabling him to reunite with his lover. Later, it is Isolde who contrives a plan (Broul 262) in which Tristan dresses as a leper, thereby freeing them from the justified accusations held against them. Nothing that happens is Tristans doing: he is a fugitive, at odds with his lord and uncle, but only because the Kings barons are bent on destroying him out of hatred. Though they are completely within the bounds of their duties in informing the king of Tristans illicit activities, having actually witnessed Isolde with Tristan in a compromising position; and several times they had seen them lying naked in King Marks bed (Broul 234), they are cursed as evil men.Once Tristan and Isolde become outcasts and outlaws, the lovers flee with Governal to hide in the forest. At one point, Governal beheads a baron that had been one of Tristans nemeses, and brings the head to Tristan (Broul 246). When the barons hunting party find s him cut to pieces, they retreat to court, and the incident becomes common knowledge throughout Cornwall. Brouls diction is particularly important here: he writes that the people realize that the baron who had been beheaded was one who had caused trouble between Tristan and the king (Broul 246). They have no knowledge of who actually committed the murder, but because the baron is identified only in relation to Tristan, Tristan becomes the one responsible in the minds of the citizens. All the people were afraid, and they avoided the forest[they] feared that the valiant Tristan would find [them] (Broul 246). The barons hunters, along with the people of Cornwall, assume that Tristan is the one who dispatched the baron. They not only misinterpret the event, but do not hesitate in swiftly placing responsibility on the most convenient head.The murder of the baron moves along the plot; with people afraid to enter the forest, Tristan and Isolde are given free reign over the area, with little fear of being discovered. However, the fact that they alone reside in the forest casts them in a rather negative light: the forest is associated with evil and darkness, and is now home to two people who, despite winning the sympathies of the populace, are in fact criminals. The fact that Broul uses the word fear to refer to the peoples feelings about Tristan tells the reader how to feel about the lovers. Though the people may interpret their own fear as admiration for a valiant knight, the author describes it differently. Tristan is indeed dangerous, even if he has not committed the crime of which he has been accused. This is perhaps why Broul does not simply have Tristan murder the baron: because Broul offers flashes of Tristans character to which the other characters in the text are not privy, the reader is allowed to be more objective when making moral judgments. Though the reader sees Tristan as inactive, the other characters in the text do not view him this way.As a result of his inertia, the reader begins to see Tristan in a very negative light: The accidental love of Tristan and Isold[e], an emotion initially unwelcome to them both, is uncourtly (Kunzer 149). The love is neither welcome nor earned. According to the criteria of courtly love, a man must earn affection through purifying travail in her servicebefore he becomes worthy of, and is entitled to, his reward (Kunzer 142). Tristan obtains Isoldes love without any trial in her service; basically, he is undeserving. Courtly virtues include loyalty, discipline, and patience, none of which the lovers possess. Even though the other characters in the text overlook his considerable flaws, Tristan is loyal to nobody and demonstrates remarkable impatience and immobility.From the beginning, King Mark is described as Tristans opposite: a constantly changing character: a well-known characteristic of the king is his quickly changing mood, the duality of his feelings (Tyson 69). This is revea led in the very opening lines of the text, where we first see Mark leaning against a tree, listening to the pretend lamentations of his wife and nephew. He was so overcome by pity that nothing could keep him from crying. His sorrow was great, and he hated the dwarf of Tintagel (Broul 230). Mark is an emotional character, easily moved by feelings and passions. He is inspired to hate the dwarf in mere moments, despite the fact that this diminutive person is only trying to help him. The reader is also aware that the dwarf is telling the truth. This tactic of revealing truths to the reader while hiding them from the characters not only builds tension, but enables the reader to recognize the human folly of the characters. We immediately see that Mark is as susceptible to deception as anyone else. Like Tristan, he often makes decisions based on what others tell him, rather than on his own thoughts and beliefs. He is also immensely impressionable, and the language he uses when he is first encountered in the text warns the reader to be wary of this tendency. He weeps, the dwarf deceived me! He has made me climb this tree and has shamed me completely. He made me believe a lie (Broul 230). The fact that someone was able to make the king climb a tree is the first sign that perhaps the king is a little too trusting. The dwarf certainly did not force the king to believe his information; it was freely received and believed. Mark could easily have chosen to distrust his veracity. Instead, he is left feeling like a fool for having believed the dwarf. Mark is very easily deceived, and though it is a fault, the fact that he recognizes his failings makes him more likeable: [He] is himself aware that he is gullible and that this impairs his judgmenthe regrets having believed the dwarf (Tyson 70), so much so that he vows that [n]ever again would he mistrust them because of what a slanderer said (Broul 232). Although he is susceptible to others opinions, when he d oes make judgments on his own they generally stem from pity or kindness.When Mark comes upon the lovers in the forest, they are not touching bodies, they are clothed, and a sword lies between them. Upon seeing this, Mark assumes that he was mistaken, and that Tristan and Isolde are not really lovers; he exchanges rings with Isolde and swords with Tristan, and leaves his gloves as a sign that he means the two no harm (Broul 249). Marks gross misreading of the situation occurs for several reasons. On one level, it is a technique used to delay the ending of the story. Without confrontation, the characters must continue to read one anothers behaviors (often incorrectly) rather than duel or communicate via words. More than anything, however, Marks interpretation of the situation is intended to show us that he has feelings feelings that are his own and that occur out of real love, without the assistance of a potion. He admits to himself that [n]ow that I have seen how they behave t ogether, I do not know what to do (Broul 249). This admission stands in direct contrast to Tristans tendency to make hasty decisions without thinking, or even feeling. Marks folly is that he is human: we see this also in his sincere desire for the approval of others. He says that had he awoken them and someone had been killed, people would condemn my actions (Broul 249). Even in the heat of passion, Mark is able to stop, change his mood, and alter his emotions. This is something that Tristan not only does not do, but does not even attempt. Mark is deeply gullible, swayed in any direction by an even mildly persuasive argument, and naively blind to the illicit love harbored by Tristan and Isolde.Mark is also, however, an extremely sympathetic and kind person. He says, I do not want them killed, either by me or by any of my men (Broul 248), despite the fact that he is completely within his rights to murder them both on the spot for their betrayal. In the forest hut episode, his tenderness in wanting to shield [Isolde] from the sun is obvious (Tyson 71): he gently placed [his] gloves so as to block the suns rays from Isoldes face (Broul 249). Marks misinterpretation of the scene is just that: a pure, human, naive misinterpretation. It leaves him precisely as he was before: a kind, somewhat simple-minded, cuckold.When Tristan and Isolde awaken, Tristan makes his most crucial misinterpretation of a situation. Though Mark left his possessions in good will, Tristan jumps to a vastly different conclusion. He tells Isolde that [Mark] left us only to come back and capture us laterIm sure he plans to capture us (Broul 250). Tristans assumptions stand in stark contrast to Marks comments just a few moments earlier. Tristan does not stop to think; he is hasty, irrational, and does not ask himself questions. Why would Mark leave a sword if he was coming back to capture them? Why would he give Isolde his ring? Why would he not have killed them in his sleep, wh ich was his right? The lovers also misread Marks character: Broul writes that they knew the king was of a violent and angry nature (Broul 250), choosing the word they to convey the fact that the characterization is the perception of the lovers, not necessarily a factual representation of the king. In truth, Mark is quite level-headed and rational. Even as he has his sword raised, poised to kill them, he takes time to analyze the situation: I wanted to kill them; I wont touch them, but I will calm my anger (Broul 249). He actually pauses to think in an emotional moment: something that Tristan completely fails to do. Instead, Tristan makes a rash decision, one of the only decisions he makes on his own in the course of the story. He decides to flee to Wales, taking Isolde with him. Though other events in the romance may not be Tristans doing, this undeniably is: Tristan alone decides to keep the lovers in exile. The fact that Tristan flees is also unbecoming of his character. A recurring theme in courtly romances is the testing of the knight: he must go on adventures, which serve to demonstrate a higher knightly selfnot developed until repeatedly proven in duels of knight against knightThe obvious neglect of the warrior aspect of knighthood in Tristan has been widely commented upon by literary critics (Kunzer 34). The scarcity of such adventures in Tristans tale can only indicate a degradation of Tristans knighthood and knightly values.Despite appearances to the contrary, Tristan is not meant to elicit the readers sympathy: he is ineffectual, makes hasty decisions, and fails to take control over his own fate. Though he may appear weak-minded at times, Mark is truly a rational, good king; he acts as a king should. Mark takes advice from his advisors, punishes his adulterous wife and disloyal vassal, and takes the time to think about situations. His kindliness and pity, his capacity for love, his sensitiveness and ability to imagine the suffering of ot hers contribute to the tragedy because they impair the objectivity of his judgment (Tyson 74), and allow the reader to empathize with him. Tristan, on the other hand, lacks all of these winning traits. Even given the chance for redemption, he fails. When Broul takes away the power of the potion, in effect giving the lovers the chance to try, as responsible human beings, to come to terms with life and with the demands of society (Curtis, 34), they do not succeed. The story ends with Tristan on his way to yet another tryst with Isolde. Through the frequent misinterpretations of events and the passivity of the characters, Broul allows us to interpret the characters for ourselves. Broul gives the reader the chance to decipher who the characters truly are by allowing us to read them on several different levels, thereby forcing us to consider them at a deeper level than may be seen at first glance.BIBLIOGRAPHYTEXTSBroul. The Romance of Tristan. The Romance of Arthur: An Anthology o f Medieval Texts in Translation. Ed. James J. Wilhelm. New York London: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1994. 225-76SECONDARY WORKSCurtis, Rene L. Tristan Studies. Mnchen: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 1969.Goldschmidt Kunzer, Ruth. The Tristan of Gottfried Von Strassenburg: An Ironic Perspective. Berkeley Los Angeles London: University of California Press, 1973.Tyson, Diana B. Some Thoughts on the Character of King Mark in Brouls Tristran. Annuale Mediaevale 20 (1981): 67-75

Christian Theology And Feminist Theology - 1699 Words

If one were to ask ten modern day theologians to define the word â€Å"theology,† it is likely that they would hear ten different answers. Even within the various types of theology, for example, Christian theology, there are a wide spectrum of attitudes and beliefs. Even more so, if one were to compare evangelical theology with feminist theology, the differences would add up quickly. Two modern day theologians, Stanley Grenz and Catherine Keller, well known in their respective fields, have approached their theology from different backgrounds. The most obvious is the difference in gender. However, their theological methodologies, the definition, and nature of their theological goals and their approach to being biblically faithful are vastly different. By careful examination, these two theologians and their specific ideologies in relating to evangelical theology and feminist theology will influence how a person approaches their own theology. Considered a â€Å"prolific theologian,† Stanley Grenz was a leader among evangelical theologians (Warner, 2005, p. 42). Author of a multitude of books on diverse subject matters including eschatology, ethics, Trinity, and homosexuality, Grenz initially defended his Baptist customs (Warner, 2005). However, considered as his greatest contribution, was his ability to bridge the evangelicals from their own world of thought to â€Å"engage the larger scholarly world† (Warner, 2005, p. 43). He was the first to consider postmodern thought, recognizingShow MoreRelatedAnalyzing Black Liberation Theology, Latin American Liberation Theology, and Feminist Theology1371 Words   |  6 PagesLiberation Theology Black Liberation Theology, Latin American Liberation Theology, and Feminist Theology Liberation theology comprises of two main principles: it recognizes the call for liberation from any form of oppression economic, political, and social: second, it says that theology must grow from the basic Christian communities and not from above. Liberation theology examines the theological meaning of human activities, which includes an explanation of the Christian faith out of sufferingRead MoreFeminist Theology1492 Words   |  6 PagesFeminist Theology Feminist theology is based on the idea of not lord but brother. Jesus Christ himself stepped outside of societies norms by befriending the outcasts of society, which included women. 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Atomic Bomb Essay example - 1218 Words

The Manhattan Project nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Manhattan Project was and is still one of the most secretive projects ever created in United States history. The purpose of the Manhattan Project was simple: to build; test; and unleash its power if necessary. Robert Oppenheimer and General Leslie Groves were the two men put in charge of this mission. These two men along with the top scientists from around the country were brought together to construct the most deadliest thing known to man. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The project originated in the Pentagon in 1942 when General Groves was told, by the White House, he was to lead the Manhattan Project. World War II had already been raged for three years when the Nazis, after being†¦show more content†¦One thing that was not found inside these borders though was women, not even wives of the scientists. No scientist was allowed to talk to anyone outside the camp about what they see, hear, taste, or even smell. Everything they knew belonged to the army now. Everything they knew from here on was highly confidential. There job was to create the atomic bomb and to do nothing else but that. They were to refer to bomb as the gadget or devise for security reasons. The scientists were given 19 months to complete their mission. Most of them complained that it could not be done, that it was not enough time. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Under the leadership of Oppenheimer the work and research began. After several days, their work got them no where. They were faced with the problems such as weight, velocity, and detonation. To make such a bomb they needed materials heaving enough to weight tip the biggest cranes in the world. Late one night, while eating an orange and talking to another scientist, Seth Neddermeyer (a scientist) thought of an idea called implosion. He got the idea from the orange he was eating. This was probably the one idea that the atomic bomb is centered around. 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The On Birth Control And Pregnancy - 865 Words

With this week coming to a close, we are officially more than halfway through the class. This means that I am three weeks closer to finishing something that I started back in 1996 when I first started my college journey at Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. It’s been almost 20 years and this will definitely be an achievement but first I have to make it through the next few weeks. This week focused was on birth control and pregnancy, specifically focusing in on planning when a person will become pregnant and what happens once a person becomes pregnant. As usual there were multiple assignments. We had our normal issues from the Taking Sides text, a discussion on the politics of childbirth, an assignment on the different contraceptives, the quiz, a status check on the final paper and this wonderful three page reflection paper. As usual, I will start with this week’s reading from the Taking Sides text. This week was slightly different in that we were given four top ics to choose from and could choose two to read and discuss. The two that were most interesting to me discussed the questions; do reality TV shows portray responsible messages about teen pregnancy and should pharmacists have the right to refuse contraceptive prescriptions? In addition were the question of abortion being moral, a topic I definitely didn’t want to touch and the question of whether parents should be allowed to select the sex of their baby. For the first topic of on teen pregnancy I wasShow MoreRelatedBirth Control And The Pregnancy Prevention1284 Words   |  6 Pagesrights to control their lives as they wish. However, as close as the early 1900’s, women still did not have the basic right to control their fertility. Working as a nurse, Margaret Sanger believed that women should maintain the right to protect themselves against unwanted pregnancies. Margaret Sanger is The Woman Rebel who, despite overwhelming opposition, pioneered the way for modern f amily planning and, more importantly, the female sexual revolution. The subject of birth control and the debateRead MoreBirth Control, Pregnancy And Fertility Treatments1387 Words   |  6 Pagespossible care when it comes to reproductive processes. This includes birth control, pregnancy and fertility treatments., I will explain how knowledge, practices and experiences are affected by the four factors mentioned above. Gender, race, sexuality, and class all have a great effect on the reproductive process. The first way reproduction is affected is by gender norms and stereotypes. In most societies, a woman’s job is only to give birth and take care of house work. 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There are many different contraceptive types that people use to prevent unwanted pregnancies, including, but not limited to, condoms, vaginal rings, sponges, implants, shots, abstinence, and birth control pills. Practicing safe sex should be ready option for all people. Men wear condoms while women take birth control; it is as simpleRead MoreThe Use of Birth Control to Prevent Pregnancy Essay997 Words   |  4 PagesThe Use of Birth Control to Prevent Pregnancy The dilemma of unwanted pregnancy has faced the human species as far back in history as the day man found out that there was a connection between sexual intercourse and conceiving a baby. To solve it, many methods were used -- some disagreeable, some dangerous and many ineffective. Fortunately, today for the first time in history, a choice of contraceptives is available that is, safe, convenient, and effective. 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Should birth control be covered by insurance? There are many public debates covering the topic of birth control. Some of these debates cover which methods of contraception are the most effe ctive ways at obtaining couple’s reproductive plans, while other debates include whether or not insurance should cover the cost of contraceptive, also the short and long term effects, how to increase use of birth control among sexually active individuals, and there areRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Birth Control1393 Words   |  6 Pagesprevent pregnancies and the transmission of sexual diseases. One large advance for contraception is birth control, which falls almost completely under women. Only two forms of contraceptives are for men; condoms and vasectomies. Providing a birth control for men, knowing the chemical abilities to create the birth control, and finally sharing the burden of contraception with men could help reduce unwanted pregnancies and relieve women of all the stress along with stopping said pregnancies. Birth Control

Carpe Diem in Christopher Marlowe´s The Passionate...

Christopher Marlowe’s â€Å"The Passionate Shepherd to His Love† and Robert Herrick’s â€Å"To the Virgins, Make Much of Time† share the same common theme of Carpe Diem. They also have many differences such as the tone, and the type of poem. Marlowe’s is more of a romantic poem, a Shepherd expressing his love to a woman. Herrick’s is more of a preachy poem, the poet is telling these young virgins that they need to hurry up and get married because they do not have much time. Both Marlowe’s â€Å"The Passionate Shepherd to His Love† and Herrick’s â€Å"To the Virgins, Make Much of Time† Share the same common theme; Carpe Diem. Carpe Diem means seize the day. In both poems, the poets express that they have a short amount of time and that they need to live life†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"And we will sit upon the rocks, Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks By shallow rivers to whose falls Melodious birds sing madrigals† (Marlowe) Robert Herrick’s poem â€Å"To the Virgins, Make Much of Time† is considered to be a preachy type of poem. The poet is telling young virgins that they need to hurry up and get married because they do not have much time. â€Å"Then be not coy, but use your time, and while ye may, go marry† (Herrick) The Tone of this poem is didactic, he is expressing his opinion. He is telling these young unmarried women to hurry up and get married, and stop wasting time. â€Å"Gather ye rose-buds while ye may: Old Time is still a-flying; And this same flower that smiles to-day, To-morrow will be dying† (Herrick) The Rhyme Scheme for â€Å"To the Virgins, Make Much of Time† is the first and third of each stanza rhymes while the second and the fourth line rhyme. â€Å"The glorious lamp of heaven, the Sun, The higher hes a-getting, the sooner will his race be run, and nearer hes to setting† (Herrick) In Conclusion â€Å"The Passionate Shepherd to His Love† and â€Å"To the Virgins, Make Much of Time† is similar in theme. The theme for both stories was Carpe Diem. Even though the Theme was similar, the difference in each poem was the Tone, Rhyme Scheme and the type of poem. The tone for Marlowe’s is optimistic and loving and the poem is pastoral. The Rhyme scheme for Marlowe’s poem is the first two lines rhyme and the last two lines in the

Life After Death Free Essays

Life after Death. Daniel Yashinsky 16/09/2011 Death is a word that someone never likes to hear but questions that always come to mind are what happens after we die. Many people believe in different situations but ultimately I assume that the way we live out our life will determine our results in the afterlife. We will write a custom essay sample on Life After Death or any similar topic only for you Order Now Almost like being punished in a sense it’s the way of the society to believe in morals such as right and wrong. Who or what judges the fact of where we go. Are these theories accurate or is it all just a fabrication. All in all it’s pretty hard not to think of the one thing you can’t run from. Since the moment I was born my parents have been telling me what is right and what is wrong. So if I was to do something wrong I would get punished so these morals have always been engraved in my brain. Who decided what is right and what is wrong, why do we have these morals and why do we get punished for committing so called sins? I don’t think there is a true answer for that, but people think that if you are a good human which can mean so many different things but in general if you live out your life doing good deeds that you will go to a heaven. This theory also works in the opposite way as well, when people commit sins that are against the â€Å"norm† of the society they live in then they will go to hell. This is one of the reasons why religion has been followed for so long to keep society in control according to what we presume is in control. If one believes in this then it will be easy for someone to just live their life and not fear what is beyond the threshold of death. But one question still remains, who decides our faith after death. Today I was asked â€Å"do you believe in god? I didn’t know how to respond because all I could think about was the reasoning for his asking. Did he want me to believe in god? Was he just curious to know what my thoughts were on the matter? All I know is it’s a personal question but it felt like I was being judged. I like to have my own views on things I don’t usually conform to society, almost like an existentialist. So the answer to the question is somewhat, I don’t particularly believe in god itself, but I think there is some sort of higher power. The real question is if this higher power ends up judging us just like this man did to me today. So this higher power for some odd reason gets to judge me and the rest of the world to decide if we get to go to a happy place or a sad place in simple words that is what religion means. People devote their whole lives thinking if they follow this rule their afterlife will turn out well for the rest of eternity. Now I will see beyond this and look at people who do not believe in god what so ever, so these sorts of people are condemned to live in the underworld. Now who’s to say that the way I live my life will determine my afterlife. Why should I believe something that someone has just made up without any proof? Anything can happen after you die; people shouldn’t spend their whole life deciphering the code of death. The reason people feel such a need to believe in something is because they have a fear, the fear of the unknown. When you don’t know what is going to come after you die, how can’t face those fears. I honestly believe that any of these theories can be true, but little did I know how much death plays a star role in so many people’s lives. Truthfully everyone sees death differently and depending on who you are Now life is an important thing to all of us, why waste it thinking about what’s going to happen after death. If I was to die I would like to one to judge me on the things I have done in my lifetime. This will give a meaning to my life and many other lives as well. Seeing how so many people believe in this way of life that it would be terrible not to see it fulfilled, also a something of a higher power judges us and leads us through the rest of eternity. Finally we can go against it all and say that all that happens is we rot in the ground. So for all we know life as we know it can be death without any real proof we just have theories but my beliefs will stay strong . How to cite Life After Death, Essays

Euthanasia In Australia Essay Research Paper When free essay sample

Euthanasia In Australia Essay, Research Paper When we hear the phrase voluntary mercy killing people by and large think of one of two things: the active expiration of life at the patient # 8217 ; s or the Nazi extinction plan of slaying. Many people have beliefs about whether mercy killing is right or incorrect, frequently without being able to specify it clearly. Some people take an utmost position, while many fall someplace between the two cantonments. The derivation means soft and easy decease coming from the Grecian words, eu # 8211 ; Thanatoss. Euthanasia was once called # 8220 ; mercy killing, # 8221 ; euthanasia means deliberately doing person dice, instead than leting that individual to decease of course. Put bluffly, mercy killing agencies killing in the name of compassion. Euthanasia is frequently baffled with physician-assisted self-destruction. Euthanasia is when one individual does something that straight kills another. For illustration, a physician gives a deadly injection to a patient. In aided self-destruction, a non-suicidal individual wittingly and deliberately provides the agencies or Acts of the Apostless in some manner to assist a self-destructive individual kill himself or herself. For illustration, a physician writes a prescription for toxicant, or person hooks up a face mask and tubing to a case shot of C monoxide and so instructs the self-destructive individual on how to force a lever so that she # 8217 ; ll be gassed to decease. For all practical intents, any differentiation between mercy killing and assisted self-destruction has been abandoned today. Euthanasia in Australia ( pre-1995 ) In the last decennary or so several Australian provinces and districts have taken action aimed at vouching the right of big patients of sound head to direct that extraordinary steps to protract life be stopped. South Australia passed the Natural Death Act in 1983, Victoria the Medical Treatment Act in 1988, the Northern Territory the Natural Death Act in 1988 and the Australian Capital Territory passed the Medical Treatment Act in 1994. NSW issued # 8220 ; interim guidelines # 8221 ; in 1993. The afore-mentioned statute law covers the followers: 1 ) Refusal or backdown of current intervention. 2 ) Publishing a way for refusal of certain intervention in the event that the patient becomes unqualified to do determinations. 3 ) Appointing an agent to do determinations on refusal of intervention in the event that the patient becomes unqualified to do determinations. Though these legislative guidelines trade with the rights of a patient to decline current medical intervention, it is frequently doubted whether they make a considerable difference to medical pattern. Even without the statute law, the right of patients to keep back consent to intervention was by and large accepted. Suicide is legal in all Australian provinces and districts. If you want to kill yourself, you can make so. No 1 has any right to halt you, unless they can demo equal cogent evidence of insanity. Assorted popular books are available which even give inside informations of dependable methods in which to stop 1s life. If a individual says he/she wants to decease, and is non immobilised by disease, yet continues to stay alive, he/she is clearly non serious about wishing to decease, but has expressed a false want. However, some people who wish to perpetrate self-destruction are incapacitated to such an extent that they would be unable to perpetrate self-destruction without aid. Killing a individual in these fortunes can be described as # 8220 ; voluntary mercy killing # 8221 ; . Both mental and physical incapacity are relevant. Solutions, which have been proposed to turn to hindrances forestalling self-destruction, originating from assorted signifiers of incapacity, are listed below: 1 ) A individual is mentally competent but physically helpless. Euthanasia Torahs would supply for the individual to publish a formal petition to be killed, and do it legal for some other individual to make the violent death. 2 ) Person is mentally unqualified to do determinations: Euthanasia Torahs would supply for a individual who is mentally competent to publish a formal petition qualifying that if he/she becomes unqualified and terminally ill, he/she is to hold their life terminated. Or, instead, supply for a individual who is mentally competent to subscribe lawfully adhering power of lawyer giving some nominative 3rd party the authorization to do determinations on the individual # 8217 ; s behalf if the individual becomes unqualified. This would include the authorization to do a formal petition that the individual be killed, if in the agent # 8217 ; s sentiment the fortunes render killing appropriate. Proposals for voluntary mercy killing ever contain the undermentioned elements: 1 ) A mechanism for guaranting that there is some good ground underlying a individual # 8217 ; s wish to be killed. 2 ) A mechanism for guaranting that the individual truly does wish to be killed. 3 ) A mechanism for transporting out the violent death. 4 ) Protection from condemnable prosecution for the 3rd party involved. Three Australian provinces and districts have earnestly considered mercy killing, in each instance as a consequence of a private member # 8217 ; s Bill. Bills were introduced by Mr Moore in the ACT, Mr Perron in the NT, and Mr Quirke in SA. The legislative proposals all contained the undermentioned elements: 1 ) Means for a individual to do a petition that he/she be killed. 2 ) Matters associating to knowledge the patient demands ( i.e. information about wellness position and likeliness of recovery, every bit good as information on how to kill oneself ) . 3 ) Means for a physician to officially province affairs associating to the patient # 8217 ; s wellness position ( i.e. that the patient is rational or of sound head at the clip of doing the petition for mercy killing, and that at the clip the petition is to be carried out the patient is enduring from an incurable disease doing great hurt ) . 4 ) Detailss of the fortunes in which it shall be legal to follow with the individual # 8217 ; s request, including how the killing shall be carried out and by whom. The 1995/96 NT Legislation and Consequent Repeal In March of 1995, the Northern Territory became the first topographic point to legalise voluntary mercy killing. Although Australia does non keep the same ill fame as the Netherlands, the history of the measure has been really controversial. The Northern Territory Rights of the Terminally Ill was passed after a 14-hour argument. The Commonwealth parliament nevertheless, was against this measure and formed a commission to look into and later rede the parliament on whether or non to revoke the Rights of the Terminally Ill Act. The Euthanasia Laws Bill ( 1996 ) removed the power of the Australian Capital Territory, Norfolk Island and the Northern Territory which have Torahs that permit euthanasia. In peculiar, the Bill superseded the Northern Territory # 8217 ; s Rights of the Terminally Ill Act ( 1995 ) , which under certain conditions permits physician-assisted self-destruction and active voluntary mercy killing. Initially there was the inquiry of whether the Commonwealth parliament had the constitutional power to overrule the NT? s Act. However, under subdivision 122 of the Constitution ( which gives the Commonwealth huge power to pass in regard to the Territories ) the Commonwealth was found to hold the power to ordain the Euthanasia Laws Bill. Once the threshold inquiry of Constitutional capacity had been affirmed, the Senate so needed to turn to the inquiry of whether the power ought to be exercised in these fortunes ( sing mercy killing act ) . It was acknowledged that the Commonwealth Parliament should merely retreat legislative powers it has conferred on the Territories in exceeding fortunes. However this peculiarly controversial statute law was considered and therefore decided upon that in that case it was proper for the Commonwealth to step in. Several issues were raised in respects to the mercy killing act, refering all member of both the NT and the remainder of Australia. Both the pro? s and con? s had to be considered within these issues. The issues were: 1 ) The # 8220 ; Territory rights # 8221 ; issue. 2 ) The claim that the Bill will take to legal uncertainness. 3 ) The claim that the Northern Territory # 8217 ; s Rights of the Terminally Ill Act would hold unacceptable impacts on the Aboriginal community. 4 ) The more general moral, philosophical, ethical and societal statements about mercy killing. 5 ) Individual? s rights and pick. / gt ; 6 ) The? self-respect? of decease. 7 ) Safe-guarding. 1 ) The # 8220 ; Territory rights # 8221 ; issue The Commonwealth parliament considered the Rights of the Terminally Ill Act to stand for a basic displacement in Australia # 8217 ; s ethos and societal cloth. It had extra national significance as all Australians, so all people, could hold used the Act. It hence became non merely a affair for the people of the Northern Territory, but a affair refering all people of Australia. The Constitutional model of Australia divides legislative duty between the States and the Commonwealth. The Territories derive their legislative capacity from the Commonwealth, whereas the States do non. States hence, are different to Territories. Territorians are accordingly subjected to a different legislative procedure than are the occupants of the assorted States. The Territories in inquiry have been provided limited signifiers of self-government, therefore the Commonwealth had the right to step in in exceeding fortunes. It is hard to imagine a more exceeding circumstance than mercy killing as it is an issue that deals with the life and decease of Australian citizens, so potentially all the people in the universe. 2 ) Legal Uncertainty In making the Bill, which would revoke the NT? s statute law, the legal effects of give voicing had to be considered. Initially the measure ( 1996 ) did non specify? knowing violent death? and there was no by and large accepted legal significance. A significance was proposed by Mr Tom Hughes QC and Mr Joseph Santamaria QC, maintained that # 8220 ; knowing violent death # 8221 ; has a clear and narrow significance. On this position, the Bill would non interfere with by and large accepted medical patterns. More significantly, the Bill would non take to legal uncertainnesss. Therefore this became the base definition for the Euthanasia Laws Bill. 3 ) Aboriginal Issues Evidence showed that Aboriginal communities were opposed to euthanasia. In fact there was overpowering Aboriginal resistance to the Rights of the Terminally Ill Act. During the enquiry, prior to the passing of the Euthanasia Laws Bill, a major concern emerged about the Northern Territory statute law # 8217 ; s impact on the willingness of Aborigines to entree medical services, given their attitudes to euthanasia and western medical specialty. Mr Mackinolty, who worked in close association with the Aboriginal people as an pedagogue recommending mercy killing, claimed that even though he personally supported his ain right to euthanasia as a non-Aboriginal, his experience in carry oning the instruction run had brought him to the position that the Northern Territory # 8217 ; s Rights of the Terminally Ill Act should be repealed because of its possible to discourage Natives from seeking prompt medical attending. Mr Mackinolty expressed the position that the really being of the Northern Territory statute law is a important menace to Aboriginal wellness. Other Aboriginal groups corroborated this statement. 4 ) General moral, philosophical, ethical and societal issues Advocates of voluntary mercy killing created statement based on single rights, liberty and pick. Those in favor of voluntary mercy killing maintained that the general public overpoweringly back up its statute law and that such a move would simply convey under stringent control and ordinance what in world is already go oning in pattern. Oppositions of voluntary mercy killings based their statements on the holiness of life, spiritual beliefs, the # 8220 ; slippery slope # 8221 ; to involuntary mercy killing and the eroding of medical moralss. Equally shortly as it is allowed that another individual to be involved in the decease of a fellow homo the decision must be drawn that the life is non deserving life. The construct of a life non deserving life and justification of the engagement of a 3rd party in taking that life challenges the really nucleus of our impressions of civilization. Equally shortly as such a construct takes hold within the mind of our state we will take down the value we place on human life. 5 ) Individual Rights and Choice The single rights and liberty statement is at first glimpse persuasive. However even if one supports the rule of mercy killing the inquiry needs to be asked: # 8220 ; Can we sufficiently control the fortunes in which we would let mercy killing? # 8221 ; Persons already have the unchained right to abstain from medical intervention. Suicide is non a offense, although we as a community spend 1000000s of dollars each twelvemonth seeking to advocate and deter the suicidal. The Rights of the Terminally Ill Act does non so much alteration the jurisprudence for the patient as it changes the jurisprudence for the 3rd party ( the physician ) . What should be illegal for the physician became legal under the Rights of the Terminally Ill Act. This had the possible to basically change the doctor/patient relationship. Ultimately, a new right is given to physicians to end the lives of those who are self-destructive and terminally ill. To depict this as supplying a # 8220 ; right to decease # 8221 ; is non logical. 6 ) The? Dignity? of Death This controversial description in support of mercy killing is in fact insensitive and derogatory. The self-respect or otherwise of a decease is non to be determined by the physical fortunes or grade of hurting in which the patient finds themselves. With really few exclusions, pro-euthanasia groups dealt with the term # 8220 ; self-respect # 8221 ; as a peculiar physical circumstance and described it as life or deceasing in such fortunes as affecting a loss of self-respect. These fortunes more frequently than non included loss of continency and mobility. This attack, in mentioning to assorted physical fortunes, systematically dealt with fortunes where the individual had taken on certain disablements and described such fortunes as affecting a loss of self-respect. A distressing equation is therefore drawn between holding # 8220 ; self-respect # 8221 ; and being # 8220 ; without disablement # 8221 ; . The term has been used as though there is a loss of self-respect if person who was antecedently without disablement takes on a disablement in the class of a terminal unwellness. Whilst it was those concerned about the impact on people with disablements who have highlighted this issue it needs to be noted that the impact is even broader. Any impression that those who choose the way of natural decease or those who choose to populate with disablements are in some manner taking the less dignified way should be abhorrent to any caring society. Unfortunately, this attitude that deceasing with self-respect demands that life ends before such fortunes, carries a message, which merely serves to take down those who live in such fortunes. 7 ) Safe-guarding Most protagonists of mercy killing do non see it as an absolute right. As such it is by definition merely available to those persons who have been deemed to be in such fortunes as to be considered better off dead. Whilst it is apprehensible that a patient may come to such a decision, a 3rd party would besides necessitate to get at such a decision and so be prepared to move upon that position, by administrating or supplying a substance with the purpose of stoping the patient # 8217 ; s life. The potency for # 8220 ; guilt feelings # 8221 ; for being a load or excessively dearly-won to those of the community who are in hard fortunes, may go such that they perceive a elusive responsibility on them to exert the mercy killing option. The pick may good go a sensed responsibility. This is particularly so when considered in the context of remarks by those such as former Governor General, Hon Bill Hayden # 8217 ; s remarks that? there is a point when the wining coevalss merit to be disencumbered -to coin a clumsy word # 8211 ; of some unproductive loads? . Decision In recent old ages mercy killing has become a really combative subject. The Grecian means easy decease, yet the contention environing it is merely the opposite. Whether the issue is declining to protract life automatically, helping self-destruction or active mercy killing, we finally have to face societies? frights towards decease itself. Above all civilization cultivates fear against ageing, decease, and deceasing, and it is non easy for people to except that it is an inevitable portion of life. However, the issues that surround mercy killings are non merely about decease and death but are besides about rights, autonomy, privateness and control over one? s organic structure. So the inquiry remains: who has the right? 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Managing Occupational Health and Safety Industry

Question: Discuss about the Managing Occupational Health and Safety Industry. Answer: Introduction Mining engineering can be defined as that particular discipline of the engineering which is associated with the utilization of scientific and technological tools for ensuring the safe and efficient extraction of minerals from under the earths surface (Hilson Hilson 2017) . On the other hand, project management is associated with the planning, execution, control and management of the work forces that associated with any work groups (Kerzner, 2013). The proposed research work would be primarily aimed at highlighting the factors that have lead to the failure of organizational projects in the mining industry. The introductory section of the report provides the audience with the brief discussion into the background of the research work, whereas the detailed discussion on the same would be presented in section 2 of the report. The aims and objectives of the research work would be discussed in section 3 of the report, besides highlighting the research questions to be utilized in the study. The identification of the research aims and objectives would be followed by brief discussion of the literary articles reviewed during the project, along with the methodology followed for doing the same. The data collected during the course of the project would also be analysed and discussed in the report. Background information As a student of the mining engineering, it has always occurred to me that project management principles can be successfully utilized in any mining organization for effectively managing the technical and operational activities associate with the extraction of metals. The highly critical principles of project management can not only be utilized for managing the technologies, work procedure and other resources utilized in the mining filed, but also for ensuring their optimal utilization (Hilson Hilson, 2017). However, in the practical filed, project management principles have not yet been utilized successfully in the domain of mining engineering. In fact, the initial research work conducted in this domain indicate that the role of project management consultant is yet not well defined in the context of mining engineering (Amoatey, Famiyeh Andoh, 2017). Aims and objectives of the project It has already been discussed in the introductory section of the report that the rate of failure of organizational projects is considerably high on the mining industry: the scenario is not different in India. While the non utilization of effective project management principles can be considered as one of the primary factors for the high rate of unsuccessful projects, the identification of the environmental factors that restrict the optimal use of PM principles is absolutely required. Besides this, the research study would also focus on the identification of the appropriate role that project management consultants can play for achieving success in mining projects in India. Thus, the primary objective of the project can be outlined as the following: To identify the main reasons for project failure in Mining industries in India To identify the environmental factors that restricts the optimal utilization of the project management principles in the mining industry of India. To identify the role that project management consultants should play for achieving success in mining projects in India Research questions According to Panneerselvam (2014), the identification of the research questions is one of the most elementary steps of conducting any academic study. The author comments that research questions, when framed appropriately facilitate the process of identifying the direction of the study. The following questions have been framed based on the aims and objectives of the study: What are the main reasons for project failure in Mining industries in India? Which environmental factors restrict the optimal utilization of the project management principles in the mining industry of India? What role the project management consultants should play for achieving success in mining projects in India? It is expected that in the due course of the research study, the answers to these question would be found, thus meeting the objectives of the study. Literature review Mining industry expert Hilson and Hilson (2017) have highlighted the fact that although a the economic development of developing countries depend significantly on the successful extraction and utilization of their natural resource, yet the Indian economy is yet to reap the full benefits of being wealthy of natural resources. According to the authors, the primary reason behind such a scenario is that the success rate of mining projects is considerably low: in fact almost 62 percent of the mining projects either run out of budget or do not get completed within the timeline committed to the client. Thus, the author considers lack of project planning (or inadequate project planning) as the primary reason for such project failures. On the other hand, researchers Amoatey, Famiyeh and Andoh (2017) have commented that the mining industry in India typically suffers from the lack of skilled human resource, which affects the quality of the projects, along with the rate of success. The authors have highlighted the fact that human resources have the capability to impact every possible aspect of any project, starting from the quality of the feasibility studies conducted before starting any project work, the financial calculations and predictions associated any planning and the planning work required for the same. Thus, the lack of skilled human capital handicaps the very scop of conducting any mining project usefully. Researches Ferguson, Clinch and Kean (2011) have actively supported the opinion that human capitals associated with all mining organizations affect the success rates of the projects undertaken by them. The authors have highlighted yet another point, which demands special attention: at present, there exists a 10 to 15 percent deficit of mining engineers throughout all mining organizations of the world. It is a well known fact, that engineers act as the life-line support of all mining operations: thus guaranteeing the successful completion of any mining activity is indeed not feasible when the engineers associated with the same are overburdened. On the other hand, researchers Chenc and Zorigt (2013) emphasise on the selection and utilization of appropriate technological tools for ensuring the successful completion of mining projects. On the other hand, researchers Muduliet at al.(2013) have emphasized solely on the identification of the factors that are found to be associated with the failure of start up mining projects all over the world. The authors are of the opinion that apart from the unsuccessful or inappropriate use of project management policies in the mining industries, several other industry specific factors are responsible for the failure of such projects, the factors being outlined in the section below: Experience: It is widely acknowledged by experts across all industries that setting up start up projects require the association of experience resources in all levels of the organization. This factor is considered to be of even more importance in the domain of mining (Krishna et al. 2013). The authors have commented that in case of start up mining projects, employing experience resources in all level of the project is not sufficient: the entire team must have the experience of working together in conditions similar to that exists in the mines under consideration. According to Sreebha and Padmalal (2011), most start up mining projects lack the association of such experienced team, which eventually leads to the failure of such initiatives. Hiring process: The authors have seconded the opinion that the lack of skilled workforce is one of the core issues that mining organizations all over the world suffer from. According to them, hiring and retaining expert miners and geologists is one of the most difficult tasks that administrative heads of mining organization need to conduct and start up mining projects are bound to fail in absence of effective hiring processes. In this particular section of the report, the tools and techniques utilized for conducting the research work in practice would be highlighted. Research philosophy: The term research philosophy is defined as that particular belief based on which the entire study is conducted (Mackey Gass, 2015). The post positivist research philosophy has been utilized for conducting this study as the same takes into consideration the fact that the final outcomes of the study would indeed be affected by the environment in which it is conducted. Research Approach: The deductive approach of research work was utilized in conducting the study, as the same allows the consideration of information available from existing literary articles and papers (Flick, 2015). Research Design: The primary objective of this research work was to identify the various factors that result in the failure of mining projects in India. Thus, the exploratory research design was utilized in conducting the study. Data Collection and analysis procedure: The information included in this report has been collected from the existing literary articles and research papers that highlight the findings of studies conducted in the very same domain. Thus, it can be said that the secondary information was utilized in the project (Silverman 2016). On the other hand, the data collected from these sources were analyzed in a qualitative manner. Findings and analysis In this section of the report, the information that was collected from different secondary sources would be highlighted. These data sets would then be compared with the concepts and theories identified during the literature review phase, thus moving one-step closer to concluding the study. In an attempt to identify some of the major issues that the organizations operating across various mines of India are experiencing at present, the Mines and Metals Division of the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce Industry (or the FICCI) had released a white paper in December 2013 (FICCI, 2013). The findings of the research work conducted by the members of FICCI are being presented briefly in the section below: A large number of small non-fuel mines are located across several regions of the country. In spite of their small size, the contributions that they make to the mining industry of the country, and to the economy as a whole, are indeed significant. However, for the last few decades, the production of these mines have almost become stagnant, primarily due the lack of capital investment in the existing infrastructure of the facilities (Sen, Mukherjee Pattanayak, 2011). According to FICCI , the main reason behind this lack is of capital investment lies in the fact that the banks and other financial institutions of the reluctant of providing loans to small sized mines. The smaller mines or start up mining organizations are often found to be not capable of hiring (and retaining) experienced miners, engineers and geologist that are required for running these projects successfully for a considerable length of time (Gottesfeld Cherry, 2011). The lack of capital investment also restricts the implementation of advanced technologies in these facilities, thus restricting the production of the facilities (Hatherly 2013). The experts conducting the study on the behalf of the FICCI have also associated this factor with the existence of the large number of non-operating mines all over the country. Along with the above mentioned factors, the authors have also emphasized on the amalgamation of the very small sized mining projects that are currently being conducted throughout the country (Iakovleva Sillanp, 2013). According to them, such amalgamation would indeed facilitate the process of procuring budgetary resources, which in turn would helping the management in solving other operational issues (as for example, the lack of infrastructure, the lack of qualified and experience resources, the lack of advanced technology, etc). POSCO , one of the largest steel makers of South Korea has in the very recent past declared that it is willing to back off from the proposed mining project that was to be set up Orissa (Posco.com, 2017). The project has an estimated valuation of 12 billion US dollars, of which the organization has already paid 4.4 millionUS dollars to the Odisha Industrial Infrastructure Development Corp way back in 2005. However, the project has yet not been initiated due to delays in availing permits from the various government departments and POSCO has cited this very lack of government initiative as the primary reason behind their decision (Muduli Barve 2011). On the other hand, ArcelorMittal, the largest steel producer of the world ( in terms of production) have also indicated that they would abandon their proposed mining project at Orissa, citing the same reason of delayed permits (Arcelormittal.com, 2017). Researchers Jia, Diabat and Mathiyazhagan (2015) have highlighted the fact that one of the most common problems associated with the mining projects of India, that often leads to abandoning of set ups as mentioned in the section of the report, lies in the fact that adequate feasibility studies are not conducted before the declaration of the same. In fact, the researchers have commented that conducting detailed feasibility studies would indeed be helpful in identifying the environmental factors that are capable of causing delays to the projects and avoiding the same (Govindan, Kannan Shankar, 2014; Karacan et al. 2011). The Planning Commission of India had released a white paper in the year 2012 so as to highlight the strategies that need to be taken up by the entrepreneurs interested in conducting mining projects so as to conduct the same in a sustainable manner (Planningcommission.nic.in, 2017). The author of the report have recommended a couple of sustainable development strategies to the concerned authorities, a brief insight to which have been provided below. It is a well known fact that mining is considered as that particular industry that plays havoc on the society and environment. This very fact have been to have resulted in the protest of the locals against setting up of new mining projects in various parts of India ( as for example the POSCO project in Orissa), which in turn have resulted in delays in the process of granting permits from the departments of the government. The authors of this report are of the opinion that the application of appropriate project management policies can play a very important role in finding solutions to such environmental and political issues. The experts have in fact emphasized on conducting activities that can reduce the extent of negative impact on the social-economic status of the locals (by developing scope of employment for locales, developing infrastructure of the region, assisting the locals in relocating to other areas, etc) to minimize the resistance of the locals. The consultation of the key stakeholders associated with any project is an alien concept in the domain of mining industry in India. In fact, this very situation is responsible for most of the issue that are experienced in executing the projects, like that of delays in permissions from all concerned departments of the sate and central governments, non availability of funding, non availability of skilled resources, non co-operation on the behalf of the locals, etc (Govindan et al. 2014; Singh et al. 2011). Thus, the authors are of the opinion that appropriate analysis of all stakeholders associated with the project, with the development of strategic plans, can significantly improve the condition of the mining industry of India. Discussion of findings The discussions presented in the preceding section of the report highlights the fact, the primary reasons behind the failure of mining projects can be boiled down to only a handful of factors including the following: The lack of capital investment in the sector, The lack of skilled and experienced resources The lack of government initiatives and Significant lack in feasibility analysis of the project On the other hand, the information collected during the literature review phase of the project indicates that the primary reasons that lead to the failure of mining projects all over the world include the following: The lack of use of modern technologies which indeed results from the acute lack of budget, The non-availability of experienced resources and The non-utilization of appropriate project management policies. Thus, it can be concluded that Indian mining industry experiences the very same issues that are responsible for failure of projects in the very same industry throughout the world. However, it has also been indentified the concept of project management is completely ignored by thee mining organizations of India, which results in generation of resistance among different sectors of the society, which further delays the project. Yet another issue that is particular to India is the concerned governmental and political offices are reluctant at taking initiatives towards resolving the issues, which is practically forcing large names in mining to abandon their project setups in India. Conclusion The discussions made in the above sections of the report indicate that the primary reasons behind the failure of mining projects in India include the following: Significant lack in feasibility analysis of the project The lack of capital investment in the sector, The lack of government initiatives and The lack of skilled and experienced resources. However, when attempts were made to identify the environmental factors restrict the optimal utilization of the project management principles in the mining industry of India, it was observed that the concept of project management is alien to the same. Project management, which is considered as one of the most essential factors required for the successful conduction of any project, includes the following: The estimation the feasibility of the project, The identification of the stakeholders associated with the project along with the analysis and consideration of the same and The identification of the risks associated with the project along with the determination of strategies for mitigating the same. In the light of the discussions made in the preceding sections of the report, the utilization of the effective project management principles is being recommended to the organizations associated with the mining industry in India. It is expected that experienced project consultants would be capable of managing the resources efficiently, besides identifying the risks associated with the same and finding means to ensure the co-operation of stakeholders of all levels. Bibliography Amoatey, C. T., Famiyeh, S., Andoh, P. (2017). 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