Essay on the Structure of William Faulkners A Rose for...

The Structure of A Rose for Emily William Faulkners A Rose for Emily is a story that uses flashbacks to foreshadow a surprise ending. The story begins with the death of a prominent old woman, Emily, and finishes with the startling discovery that Emily as been sleeping with the corpse of her lover, whom she murdered, for the past forty years. The middle of the story is told in flashbacks by a narrator who seems to represent the collective memory of an entire town. Within these flashbacks, which jump in time from ten years past to forty years past, are hidden clues which prepare the reader for the unexpected ending, such as hints of Emilys insanity, her odd behavior concerning the deaths of loved ones, and the evidence that the†¦show more content†¦When the people of the town try to explain away her odd behavior, they did not say she was crazy then (paragraph 28). This implies that although at that time she wasnt considered insane, and although the narrator never states so directly, there will come a time when she will be. An important idiosyncrasy of Emilys that will help the reader to understand the bizarre finale of the story, is her apparent inability to cope with the death of someone she cared for. When deputies were sent to recover back taxes from Emily, she directed them to Colonel Sartoris, an ex-mayor that had told her she would never have to pay taxes, and a man that had been dead for ten years. Years before this incident, however, after her father had died, she continued to act has if he had not, and only allowed his body to be removed when threatened with legal action. Considering the fate of her lovers corpse, one suspects she would have kept her fathers corpse also, had the town not known of his death. Littered throughout the story is evidence that the murder took place. When Emily takes up with Homer Barron, a man whom the narrator makes clear was not the marrying kind; rumors start to fly about the two at a time when it was not considered proper for a man and woman to live together. The town, her relatives, and the Baptist minister disapproved of the relationship, and Emily was in danger of loosing Homer. A year after the relationship begins, and the pressures to either marryShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of A Rose For Emily Essay1643 Words   |  7 PagesBeing An Outcast: Emily As Manifesting Thematic Alienation in Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† I. Introduction Being taught in high schools and universities all across the nation, William Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† has achieved a great deal of both academic and mainstream respect in the United States. In being arguably one of Faulkner’s strongest stories, and since Faulkner himself has assumed the position of being one of the great masters of American fiction, â€Å"A Rose† is undoubtedlyRead MoreKarl Marx And Friedrich Engels’ The Manifesto Of The Communist1465 Words   |  6 Pagescan be applied to William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily.† This short story examines an aging icon in the town of Jefferson, Mississippi, and her reputation among the townspeople. There is a gap formed between Emily Grierson and the new, younger generation of Jefferson. The ideals and beliefs differ, and this causes the gap between the two. Through Marx and Engels’ examination of this theory, the causes and effects of socio-economic re lations and how they appear in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† will determine theRead MoreElements of a Southern Atmosphere in OConnors A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Faulkners A Rose for Emily1878 Words   |  8 PagesGeorgia Crick Eng 102 Davis Short Story Essay Revision May 6, 2013 Elements of a Southern Atmosphere in O’Connor’s â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† and Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† Though the short stories â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† differ in plot, theme, voice, and many other aspects, both contain similar characters and settings. The authors of these highly acclaimed Southern Gothic works, have skillfully and eloquently created intricate characters and imagery that portrayRead MoreThe Role Of Society In William Faulkners A Rose For Emily1094 Words   |  5 PagesIn â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, William Faulkner adopts copious amounts of interesting techniques to help move the story along from symbolism to the structure of the story itself. Though, one technique that stands out the most is his use of an anonymous narrator whose relationship and role in not only Emily’s life, but the life of the town is quite ambiguous. The way the narrator chose to tell the eccentric Emily Grierson’s story is quite striking, using the word â€Å"we† multiple times throughout the piece takingRead MoreA Psy chological Reading of A Rose for Emily Essay2883 Words   |  12 PagesReading of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† Abstract Undoubtedly Sigmund Freud is the father of psychoanalysis. He was an influential thinker of the early twentieth century who elaborated the theory that the mind is a complex energy-system and the structural investigation of which is the proper province of psychology. Freud articulated and refined the concepts of the unconscious, infantile sexuality and repression and he proposed tripartite account of the mind ‘s structure, all asRead MoreThe Cask Of Admontillado, By Edgar Allen Poe And The Yellow Wallpaper Essay1987 Words   |  8 Pagestaking on the roles that require authority (Fisher and Silber). To better understand the role of fixed gender expectations, we will analyze four short essays namely: Eudora Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path†; Edgar Allen Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Admontillado†; William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† All these essays except Edgar All en Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Admontillado,† describe the lives of women protagonists in different environments which influence how they act inRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12166 Words   |  49 Pagesinformation on these eNotes please visit: http://www.enotes.com/worn−path/copyright Table of Contents 1. A Worn Path: Introduction 2. Eudora Welty Biography 3. Summary 4. Characters 5. Themes 6. Style 7. Historical Context 8. Critical Overview 9. Essays and Criticism 10. Compare and Contrast 11. Topics for Further Study 12. Media Adaptations 13. What Do I Read Next? 14. Bibliography and Further Reading 15. Copyright Introduction Eudora Weltys A Worn Path, first published in Atlantic MonthlyRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12173 Words   |  49 Pagesinformation on these eNotes please visit: http://www.enotes.com/worn−path/copyright Table of Contents 1. A Worn Path: Introduction 2. Eudora Welty Biography 3. Summary 4. Characters 5. Themes 6. Style 7. Historical Context 8. Critical Overview 9. Essays and Criticism 10. Compare and Contrast 11. Topics for Further Study 12. Media Adaptations 13. What Do I Read Next? 14. Bibliography and Further Reading 15. Copyright Introduction Eudora Weltys A Worn Path, first published in Atlantic MonthlyRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesinformation and suggestions that may prove helpful. PLOT The Elements of Plot When we refer to the plot of a work of fiction, then, we are referring to the deliberately arranged sequence of interrelated events that constitute the basic narrative structure of a novel or a short story. Events of any kind, of course, inevitably involve people, and for this reason it is virtually impossible to discuss plot in isolation from character. Character and plot are, in fact, intimately and reciprocally relatedRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages1993 edition, published by Wadsworth Publishing Company, which is owned by Cengage Learning: There is a great deal of coherence. The chapters build on one another. The organization is sound and the author does a superior job of presenting the structure of arguments. David M. Adams, California State Polytechnic University These examples work quite well. Their diversity, literacy, ethnic sensitivity, and relevancy should attract readers. Stanley Baronett. Jr., University of Nevada Las Vegas

The Life Of Frederick Douglass And The Cry Of The Children

The Comparison of Fredrick Douglass and Elizabeth Browning: Slavery and Child Labor The two works Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass by Frederick Douglass and The Cry of the Children by Elizabeth Browning is different in several ways but also have some similarities. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass is an autobiography created in hopes of ending slavery. Douglass writes about several events that reveal the awfulness of slavery and the effects it has on people. The Cry of Children is a poem written to inform the upper class how harsh the work conditions are for children forced into labor at such a young age. These two literary works express their similar themes through revealing religious hypocrisy, illustration dehumanization in both forms of labor, and creating empathy among the readers for the victims. The poem and the narrative both reveal that there is a lot of religious hypocrisy within child labor and slavery. Christians are supposed to be kind to one another and help those who have less than them, but leaders shown exemplify the opposite. Douglass illustrates that the men who beat and abuse him are Christian people. Douglass explains that the slaveholders used the Bible to make slavery seem okay. Slaveholders believed that God cursed Ham for mocking Noah and that dark skin was the punishment in the Old Testament. He is able to prove that this statement does not add up, and demonstrates that the people within slavery are hypocrites. Christians areShow MoreRelatedNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1653 Words   |  7 PagesThe current sensation of our time is the new narrative written by a slave fugitive entitled, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Much has been alleged about Frederick Douglass being but the penname of a white man who wrote his Narrative. The same has been questioned on whether a man did or did not write the literary works published under the name of the Grimke sisters. The Grimkes, daughters of South Carolina slaveholders, think such human suffering that slaves endure is a sin, and notRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave1552 Words   |  7 PagesNarrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself Theme: False versus True Christianity In this theme, Fredrick Douglass contrasts the both forms of Christianity to show the underlying hypocrisy in slavery. The results show that slavery is not religious as it exposes the evils in human bondage. These ideals however can be distorted so as to fit in the society. Two forms of Christianity are presented in â€Å"The Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass and each of themRead MoreEssay about Fredrick Douglass - Fourth of July Oration1321 Words   |  6 PagesOn July 5th 1852, Frederick Douglass, one of history’s outstanding public speakers, carried out a very compelling speech at Corinthian Hall in Rochester, New York. Within that moment of time where the freedom of Americans was being praised and celebrated, he gathered the nation to clear up the tension among slavery and the establishment of the country’s goals. Frederick Douglass’s speech mentions the development of the young nation, the Revolution, and his own life experience. While speaking,Read More Discussing The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Essay1418 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Douglass In the preface of The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, written by himself, William Lloyd Garrison, Abolitionist and member of the Anti-Slavery Society, said of Frederick Douglass, after hearing him speak, â€Å"Patrick Henry, of revolutionary fame, never made a speech more eloquent in the cause of liberty than the one I had just listened to from the lips of that hunted fugitive.† Garrison and other abolitionist convinced Fredrick Douglass to continue to tell his storyRead MoreEssay on Did Gender Make a Difference within Slavery?803 Words   |  4 PagesWithin slavery there were harsh conditions which Frederick Douglass tries to convey in his biography Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Within this narrative he dezribes how men and women slaves were treated differently by their masters. Women were abused by their master, physically, sexually, and mentally, while men were mostly abused physically and mentally. Many slave women suffered regular beatings. Frederick Douglass mentions several different instances where femaleRead MoreAnalysis Of Hsun Tzu And Frederick Douglas1035 Words   |  5 PagesEducation now is something that is a way of life, just as eating is. However historically, education was one of the only ways to stand out in society, to be a ‘gentlemen’. Hsun Tzu and Frederick Douglas, though worlds apart, share many similarities on their view of education and what it should be like; at the same time, each text contains key elements that show how different their views can be and the reason behind it. The similarities are quite simple to obtain through these two texts. EducationRead MoreBeloved by Toni Morrison1455 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough. Slave narratives brings these hardships to light and shed insight on the pain and suffering of slaves, narratives such as, Incidents in The Life Of A Slave Girl..by Harriet Jacobs,The narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. Novels such as Beloved by Toni Morrison blend the slave narratives with fiction highlight the life after slavery and the struggle faced by former slaves to adjust their lives to freedom. According to Paul E. Lovejoy’s ‘Freedom Narratives’ of TransatlanticRead MoreSlavery in the 12 Years a Slave, The Narrative, and Uncle Tom ´s Cabin827 Words   |  3 Pagesand share many differences as well. What all three stories have in common are they’re in the 1800’s in the southern part of the United States where slavery is still legal. The main characters in each story, Solomon from â€Å"12 Years a Slave†, Frederick Douglass from The Narrative, and Uncle Tom from Uncle Tom’s Cabin, had nice master that treated them with respect; they each had an experience with another master that acquired a â€Å"very high reputation for breaking †¦ slaves †¦ [,] a ‘nigger-breaker’ †Read MoreEssay on The Cruelty of Slavery and Opression in America1599 Words   |  7 Pagesmany abolitionists who fought for equality in the 19th century, Angelina Grimke, Frederick Douglass, and Harriett Jacobs stand out as some of the most influential writers and orators of that time. Angelina Grimke was a white southern woman, who abandoned the south with her sister to denounce slavery and began to primarily focus on persuading white women to use what rig hts they had to act against slavery. Frederick Douglass was one of the most famous abolitionists in United States history. He used hisRead MoreNarrative of the life of Frederick Douglass Essay1558 Words   |  7 PagesNarrative of the life of Frederick Douglass   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In reading The Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, I, like others, found myself to be deeply moved. The way in which Mr. Douglass walked me through each stage of his â€Å"career† as a slave gave me a better understanding of the African American slaves’ struggle. I realized in reading this mans story that he was a gifted individual and I pondered over where his strength came from? It is true and obvious that Mr. Frederick Douglass was an extremely

Big Data Analytics of Marketing

Question: Discuss about the Big Data Analytics of Marketing. Answer: Introduction The essay describes about the big data and its benefits and challenges if it is applied in a companys management structure. Big data contains 3V that are as: volume, variety and velocity. These are considered as dimensions for using big data tools in the organization. The assignment has considered wesfarmers limited for such analysis. The reasons behind this are high volume of data, high level of heterogeneity in data and velocity. It helps the company in generating new knowledge, technical knowledge, and involving into advanced research and development (Kitney, 2013). Due to evolvement of internet, there has been massive growth in the volume of data. Big data is when an organization has a huge amount of data with it. Big data in an organization consists of structured as well as unstructured data. In an organization, big data can be understood as analyzing the data in such a way that it helps the organization in taking effective decisions and strategic decision. To come out with an effective decision, management uses business analytics. It is a process in which the organization emphasis on statistical analysis. Besides this, business analytics is used if an organization is having big data with it, and it is difficult for the organization to arrive at a solution, hence in such a situation business analytics is preferred. Softwares which are used to deal with big data are as: SAP bigdata analytics, IBM bigdata analytics, Oracle bigdata analytics, SAS big data and many more (Mohanty, Bhuyan Chenthati, 2015). Brief background to the case The assignment has considered wesfarmers limited for such analysis. It is one of the established companies in Australia, founded in 1914 headquartered in Australia. It is a conglomerate company dealing in a wide variety of products. The company has a wide variety of product offerings and large variety of customer base. To excel in the industry, the company requires having some control in its logistics. In case of requirement of big data tools in the company, the company offers a wide variety of products such as: coal mining, fertilizers, chemicals and industry safety products. Hence due to this, the company requires a tool which helps the company in managing its customers demands and expectations. The use of big data tools would help in bridging the gap between customer expectations and actual offerings made by the company. Big data tools would help the company in overcoming such gaps, but for this wesfarmers limited must have developed informational technology in which wesfarmers la cks. Hence this would be requiring a major investment in information technology and data analytics (Morabito, 2015). Challenges of Big Data to the case Use of big data can depict about the real picture of the company, hence it affects the principle of confidentiality in the organization. The major challenges in use of big data in the company are as: timeliness and privacy, storage, search, transfer, and sharing of data. This would also affect the analysis and visualization of data. Besides such issues, another challenge is that who would be responsible for managing the big data in the organization. Storage of big data in the organization creates heterogeneity. For example in case of wesfarmers, there are different experiments that need to be done for collection of information from consumers, and the results from experiments are different every time. The reason behind this is, every experimenter has different perspective regarding the models to be followed for conducting experiment (Zicari, 2013). Furthermore, it is not easy to store all the information electronically due to huge volume and heterogeneity involved in the data. In case of timeliness the more the data would be stored in wesfarmers database it would lead to late retrieving of data from the storage. To collect information from the external source is itself a major task due to belongingness of different culture, geographical tutorials. Hence it is very difficult for the company to arrive at a decision from the data. Due to heterogeneity involved in the data, sometimes it is very difficult for the company to analyze the data in an effective manner and how to use the data to arrive at an effective solution (OReilly Media, Inc, 2012). In case of the given case study of wesfarmers, for applying big data tools, it requires special computer power so to enhance the quality of real time analysis. While the company lacks in technical knowledge and information technology. Hence using big data tools effectively are considered as challenge for wesfarmers limited because to retrieve the data in no time would be requiring high end technology. Hence it would increase the cost for the company in its initial year. Besides this, the data stored in the company database regarding its customer contains a high level of variety that is it is in highly unstructured form, which creates difficulty for the management to analyze the whole data, and arrive at a common solution (Foster, Ghani, Jarmin, Kreuter Lane, 2016). The data as stored in the organization does not ensure about reliable source, this means that there are some possibilities that the data in the organization is biased. Due to which the quality of the data stored in the company database is affected. The main challenges involved in the big data management tools are data privacy, security, ethical and governance. This means that how the data would be used, whether it complies with the law and regulations of the country like in the given case rules and regulations of Australia. Besides this, whether it is ethical to obtain such information from the market or customers. Hence these are considered as some of the major challenges for the company for applying big data tools (Howarth, 2013). Benefits of Big Data to the case Big data is considered as back bone for an organization. The use of big data in an organization contains benefits like the organization can keep a track of customers who has visited the company website. It helps an organization in procuring and keeps tracking of component parts. In case of banking company like HSBC bank, it helps in keeping a track record of number of deposits, customers having account in bank, determining the processes of accounting (Yu Guo, 2016). In the context to the given case study on wesfarmers, the use of big data analysis helps in determining the trends, markets and behavior of the market and its customers. Besides this, it helps an organization in providing advisory services (Frampton, 2014). By this, it creates various levels for building innovation strategies in the organization. It also provides a base for competing with competitors and building growth in the business. Besides this, it helps in analyzing the errors and rectifying them instantly. This would help the company in managing its operations effectively. Hence by using big data tool, the company can analyze the demand from its customers, hence it can reduce the percentage of unsatisfied consumers. Hence it can be said, that errors in the organization can be solved early by applying big data tools in the organization (Pal, 2016). In case of wesfarmers limited, the management of the company can form strategies effectively so to compete in the market. With the availability of big data with the management, they can take strategies to stay at a step ahead from its competitors. This would help the company in becoming an industry leader; hence this would lead to reduction in prices (Management association, 2016). Hence it can be said that by big tools data helps the organization in improving their services and would help the company in earning higher revenue. The reason behind increase in the revenue would be because of detecting the errors at an earlier stage. Hence by this, frauds in the management, internal control mechanism of the company would become apparent at an earlier stage (Loshin, 2013). Big data helps wesfarmers limited in analyzing the cost; hence it would lead to adaptation of cost effectiveness strategies. Besides this, it would help the company in analyzing the customers latent demand, and would lead to better comparison between the customers expectations from the company and actual offerings made by the company. Hence by this, real time analytics can be ensured in the wesfarmers limited to establish a better match with its customers and would help the wesfarmers limited in performing customized services (Tedex, 2014). Conclusion In todays world big data is used by the various organizations, companies such as: eBay, Facebook, Google were the first one who has incorporated big data analytics in their business structure. In case of the given case study, the increase in the data has affected the growth of the company. It was very difficult for the company to analyze the demand and expectations of the market or consumers from them; hence to accomplish such requirement the company has adopted the tools of big data tools. Besides this, the requirement of big data tools was due to increase in the volume of data, and variety of data. However these factors are also considered as critic for the company that is it is very difficult for the management to store all the data electronically, and to retrieve the data so to arrive at an effective solution. References Foster, I,. Ghani, R,. Jarmin, R, S,. Kreuter, F Lane, J,. (2016) Big data and social science: a practical guide to methods and tools, CRC press, United States Frampton, M,. (2014) Big data made easy: a working guide to the complete hadoop toolset, Apress, USA Howarth, B,.(2013) CMO, Big data analytics: the new black magic of marketing? Retrieved on 27th March, 2017 from https://www.cmo.com.au/article/529936/big_data_analytics_new_black_magic_marketing_/ Kitney, D,. (2013) The Australian, Retailers battle it out on big data. Retrieved on 27th March, 2017 from https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/companies/retailers-battle-it-out-on-big-data/news-story/923f664484a17cb1cc76f7a713826c92 Loshin, D,. (2013) Big data analytics: from strategic planning to enterprise integration with tools, techniques, NoSQL, and graph, Elsevier, USA Management association,.(2016) Big data: concepts, methodologies, tools and applications: concepts, methodologies, tools, and applications, IGI global, USA Mohanty, H,. Bhuyan, P Chenthati, D,. (2015) Big data: A primer, Springer, London Morabito, V,. (2015) Big data and analytics: strategic and organizational impacts, Springer, London OReilly Media, Inc,. (2012) Big data now: 2012 edition, O Reilly Media, Inc, United States Pal, S,. (2016) SQL on big data: technology, architecture and innovation, Apress, USA Tedex,. (2014) Big data- benefits and challenges. Retrieved on 27th March, 2017 from https://www.tedxvienna.at/blog/big-data-benefits-and-challenges/ Yu, S Guo, S,. (2016) Big data concepts, theories and applications, Springer, London Zicari, R, V,. (2013) Big data: challenges and opportunities. Retrieved on 27th March, 2017 from https://www.odbms.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Big-Data.Zicari.pdf pp (104-128)

Outsource and In-Source R D Essay Sample free essay sample

Abstraction The two chief elements of concern scheme are ; rational belongings and integrating to outsourcing scheme ; with outsourcing its chief concern is in doing determinations on whether to have. purchase or go forth the complementary assets that are necessary to convey a merchandise to market. And the right determination will depend among other factors. the rational belongings ( IP ) of the house and the nature of the demands the invention topographic points on complementary assets. The penetration of this invention is that a strong IP or its engineering design is difficult for rivals to copy or emulate. and hence there are small opportunities that the rivals will stop up being victors ; in add-on the strong appropriability will give the power to deal for entree to complementary assets from a privileged place ( Carr. 1990 ) . Introduction This is a instance survey following an eight months research at Cardio Vascular Business Unit of Philips Medical Systems ; the paper will concentrate on Business Information Systems. We will write a custom essay sample on Outsource and In-Source R D Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This instance survey has risen due to Unit’s diverseness. complexness accompanied by my personal involvements on outsourcing and competitory schemes. at the terminal ; it will supply me with an first-class chance for me to accomplish a better position of the subject. In add-on this sort of empirical instances like the 1s from Philips Medical systems and other semiconducting material companies provides a good penetration into the direction thought for any in-between directors. the schemes behind outsourcing and determination devising procedure. Decisions about research and development affect all of us. because of their nexus with the public presentation of houses and of economic systems. as a whole. Their importance is of great concern to a big figure of practicians. policy-makers and research workers. and their range is non limited because their survey can be approached from different positions. Very few organisations if. any have presently outsourced parts of their operations. this has led to more widespread usage of outsourcing which has increased enormously. The early outsourcing focused chiefly on low skilled support maps like nutrient service. guard services. and informations entry services but in the recent yesteryear outsourcing in countries like in farm action engineering which includes information systems development is turning really fast to an extend even some organisations have begun to outsource maps that are dependent on information engineering like client service. research and development. logistics directio n and even finance and accounting. Even though. outsourcing is turning. this construct is non clearly defined. Its definitions can be viewed as runing from prolonged usage of advisers in executing simple undertakings to reassigning the duty of executing an full internal map to a given 3rd party. And the footings associated with authorities denationalization enterprises. we can therefore state that under outsourcing a authorities entity remains to the full responsible for the proviso of affected services while another entity operates the map or performs the service. it even includes services like undertaking out. granting of franchises to private houses. and even the usage of voluntaries in presenting public services Carr. 1990 ) . In general. we can therefore define outsourcing as undertaking out the uninterrupted public presentation of a procedure. militants or undertaking that was antecedently performed within the organisation. It is of import when sing outsourcing in any organisation to concentrate on an full map or parts of a map. because an organization’s finance and accounting map comprises of assorted procedures. activities and undertakings. A individual paysheet procedure includes assorted activities like ciphering. employees’ gross compensation for the period of payment. it is besides required to find and subtract sums from gross compensation to enable it calculate net wage. Printing and distributing paysheet cheques. with each activity including more and more undertakings. Outsourcing helps an organisation to make up ones mind whether to outsource the full procedure or one or more of the activities or simply one or more of the undertakings ( Huselid. et Al. . 2005 ) . This research paper will concentrate chiefly on the pertinence of package outsourcing for safety critical systems and besides determination doing stage of the package outsourcing like the 1s of Philips Medical Systems. This is due to the fact that. there are certain critical challenges for a safety critical system companies to better their competitory place and profitableness. this means hence they have to better their operation velocity. operational efficiency. cut down care and increase their entire concern. with less figure of people. and it is outsourcing that will enable them accomplish these ends ( Huselid. et Al. . 2005 ) . From this point. two spirits of outsourcing as respects to package in Philips Medical Systems are ; merchandise outsourcing and capacity outsourcing and each of them serve different intents. As demonstrated by the Cardio Vascular Business Unit of Philips Medical Systems. companies can profit. from merchandise outsourcing chiefly from the invention of the provider and the care of the constituents which is the duty of the provider as a whole ; in capacity outsourcing providers develops portion of the company’s merchandise establishing the production on the company’s specifications per undertaking footing. It is hence of import for companies to concentrate on merchandise outsourcing because it will better the full invention life rhythm of the company. Capacity outsourcing can besides be used as off of bettering the operational efficiency and this will assist to cut down its costs ( Brickley. Bhagat. A ; Lease. 1985 ) . However. regardless of these two outsourcing spirits the chief â€Å"make-or-break† factor in any organisation is in the procedure of determination devising. It is hence of import to develop a research determination support theoretical account which will supply structured and quotable method that will assist in outsourcing determination devising. The sum of package which concern to safety critical merchandises is turning quickly. as a consequence. companies are interested to outsource portion of the development. But the chief concern is the extra demands that are needed to be put on outsourcing safety critical package. like the package for medical merchandises. automotive or air power systems. Earlier we defined outsourcing this will oblige us here to therefore define in-sourcing ; in sourcing refers to the procedure of hiring of package specializers from external package houses to back up the IT section and at the same clip to execute assorted application development within t he company. However. in package specializers. sourcing is prevailing signifier of outsourcing. The following outsourcing types exists ; tactical outsourcing. COTS as basic constituent outsourcing. strategic outsourcing. COTS as specialised constituents outsourcing. transformational outsourcing and subsystem outsourcing. However. the chief attending of this paper is strategic outsourcing where the client and the seller engage in long term relationship. and it is in this relationship where the organisation performs a good thought determination doing procedure on whether or non to outsource a certain portion of the system or IT maps. An illustration are the outsourcing of application development by banking and fiscal service industry ; nevertheless. the most dramatic is outsourcing which will be discussed in the content of the outsourcing itself. for there has been instances in past where companies outsource on physical parts of the bid every bit good as the rational based services like research. merchandise development. design logistics. human dealingss. accounting. legal work s elling and market research. However a few challenges in the new paradigm of outsourcing the outsourcer that will be highlighted is the issue of covering with the best in category providers of mind than that of the best supplies of physical merchandises. This is unsafe for it poses a really large challenge for the direction outsourcing ( Chancy. A ; Devinney. 1992 ) . As respects to physical merchandise. rather frequently. the outsourcer has the cognition. accomplishments and processs of executing. this therefore means you need a higher quality direction if at all you need to outsource merchandise development activities. This will coerce the outsourcer to hold some on who really understands the direction of mind. or else it will be hard to pull off the outsourcing if the provider is best besides in supplying services to your rival ( Huselid. et Al. . 2005 ) . Many houses have been late taking action and the necessary steps to enable them get the better of the multiple jobs associated with the decentalisation the market push paradigm of research and development organisation. The determination involves the creative activity of a new corporate unit meant for strategic direction of engineering with its function of pull offing the overall engineering portfolio. organize the engineering activities of assorted concern units and in conclusion to incorporate other considerations of engineering with more general strategic direction of the company. This requires ‘core competencies’ which is linked to technological expertness and organisational. capablenesss that needs to be combined by a house to in order to organize a alone set of nucleus competences. This will organize the basic for determination doing about engineering and merchandises. Decentralization should be avoided at all costs since it is unsafe for the direction of engineerin g because it usually leads to a state of affairs where single concern units face fiscal menaces within the cooperation. and at the same clip. it does non supply the proviso for organizing with other maps and other assorted parts of the company which will let the application of the technological capablenesss. Even though R A ; D map is non the chief site of the company’s nucleus competetencies. it serves a really of import map because it acts as an investing to them and helps in working or puting of their results ( Charkham. 1989b ) . It is hence of import to measure all long-run undertakings and this should be based on the standards of whether or non the cognition and accomplishments that are generated will in the long-run contribute to the company’s nucleus competences. It means that long-run elements of R A ; D portfolio to be the chief countries of support and be organized around certain technological capablenesss because this would assist to find and every bit good as be determined by the nucleus competences. In add-on. the nucleus competency paradigm would besides supply an effectual manner of mensurating R A ; D. nevertheless. this sort of attack would be off by which technological and non-technological facets of scheme will be linked. and this will finally let R A ; D attempts to be directed towards rapid invention and besides the long-run accretion of technological strength. But it is besides of import to see that the overall consequence of the market construction at first sight is non clear. because at times oligopolistic market may be expected to promote licensing as a agency of coaction between the licensor and the accredited but in the existent sense it is a less concentrated market every bit far as demand is concerned for grounds of competition. Therefore. within the context of basic pick between licensing and the in-house development engineering it is of extreme importance to concentrate on the function played by complementary assets. This is due to the fact that the manner houses will work cognition will be determined by assets in the chief countries of marketing fabrication and market power. Even though licensing at times is associated with the import of some of non-technological assets. the chief outlook is that of their being to do certain that it is positively related to the usage of licensing and how of import they are to find the firmsâ€⠄¢ considerations than its failing in its internal R A ; D ( Chancy. A ; Devinney. 1992 ) . When sing the nature of the invention procedure in general. the chief division of labour is majorly based on construct of invention as a additive procedure. which begins most times with basic research and ends with an advanced merchandise. But. the procedure of invention and its deductions for an organisation have to be considered in concurrence with the manner in which research is organized and managed within the company set up. A good direction company within its research should transport out its research in a multi-disciplinary undertaking squads which should run within a matrix like construction. However there is still a job that the direction face ; they don’t promote scientific creativeness among its staff and contrastingly they still want to guarantee that profitable merchandises are being developed. All these troubles in accommodating creativeness and command demand to be summed up in a senior manager’s mention to the activities of the scientists. In add-on. the other two cardinal countries of employment relationship should besides be looked at carefully: on the job clip and the payment system. because as the director seeks to honor public presentation by agencies of ‘trust time’ and public presentation related wage. it carries with itself. the hazard of deviating employees from originative activity. Today. there are besides other jobs posed by the manager’s program to divide research and development maps. this raises a batch of inquiries about the effectual coaction within external organic structures like universities and biotechnology h ouses. In fact. there is no suggested grounds that the development of informal external links will let the control and creativeness quandary to acquire a solution. Therefore what we are likely to see is that the direction will get down switching invariably between the two ( Chancy. A ; Devinney. 1992 ) . It is of import to detect that the nature of R A ; D is complex. and hence invention demands to be seen as a political and societal alteration alternatively merely as a proficient procedure. because it has reached a phase at which. policy can be and should be reappraised. This means. we should concentrate on two cardinal additive theoretical accounts of invention for they will supply the footing for most of the post-war period in industrialised states ; foremost. we should set excess accent on research. this is because the hazards involved and the ‘public good’ nature of cognition. hence houses in a free market should put in a socially less than optimum sum of research ( Charkham. 1989b ) . This will coerce the authorities to step in straight and at the same clip provide the private sector with the necessary inducements ; secondly is the invention that should be strictly in proficient footings. that is to be as an act of production instead than a uninterrupted societal procedure. And given the fact that in the recent old ages. this theoretical account has come under menace. the two dimension have been accordingly called into inquiry. it hence means that the devotedness or the attempts of resources to R A ; D has non resulted in technological or economic development and successful invention by houses in the terminal but has been seen as a consequence of organisational. every bit much as proficient expertness ; in my position. this is accounted for by the altering positions on the nature of engineering in peculiar as relates to modern-day research ( Charkham. 1989b ) . As a consequence. engineering is progressively by each twenty-four hours seen as affecting the integrating. of cognition organisation and technique. At the same clip. it needs to be seen in the existent context of a societal model which produces and within which it exists. But as for the house. invention requires both external and internal understanding constituents of engineering and the relationship between them and their major job is their capablenesss to develop the competences and capablenesss that are necessary for the creative activity of a competitory advantage. This will supply off for invention to be carried out with bing accomplishments and cognition and in add-on it will non necessitate the usage of research at all. This will really connote that different houses will bring forth inventions in different ways. but the organisation around the already bing competences will give restrictions in signifier of what might be termed as â€Å"bounded vision† . This will coerc e the houses to look outside their ain boundaries in order to obtain solutions to their jobs. and through the combination of internal expertness and external relationships which will organize the bosom of understanding invention. From this point. I will identity five chief policies related issues which will necessitate farther research ; ( I ) The basic principle for public policy ; this is based on the fact that. while the economic importance of invention and technological alteration has already been established. the theoretical underpinnings of this kind of relationship are non good developed ; this is because soon. industrial policy is focused on competition alternatively of invention. this means. given public presentation links. engineering policy should be given greater accent and understand really good its relationship with other countries of policy. ( two ) The difference in invention procedures between industries should be good understood. This is because ; all the troubles that houses face in invention are dependent on the type of industry since the industries in which they worked is of extreme importance for authorities policy. I therefore suggest that the policy should be extended to the footing degree. in order to enable it take history for the differences between houses ( three ) rather frequently than n on. houses are today progressively forced to look outside their ain boundaries in work outing invention jobs. this requires both the function of authorities policy every bit good as the growing in technological cooperation between houses and it would take assorted signifiers which are themselves portion of the broader regional or national ‘system of innovation’ In add-on. the development of an apprehension of the substructure that is necessary for successful invention. and this is an country in which much research has still to non be done. ( four ) System of invention together with firm’s ain expertness ; this has to be considered in concurrence with internalisation of technological alteration. nevertheless this raises the possibility that the national aims of authorities policy is inconsistent with firm’s multinational aspirers. There is besides a related job whereby the international value of most scientific research gives national authorities an inducement to switch towards a more straight applicable research activities. This is a dual scheme because in the long-term it would detriment all parties and at the same clip there are no international mechanisms by which any equal collaborative solution could be achieved. Furthermore there are jobs associated with internationalisation of ‘production’ every bit good as ownership. This calls into inquiry. the thought of nationally based companies and besides the nationally based policies. all these indicates that the policy should be concentrated non on the support for companies R A ; D but besides on the substructure of instruction. preparation and basic scientific discipline. ( V ) What is the function played by scientific discipline in invention procedure? Because of the rejection of the additive theoretical account. it did non intend that scientific discipline was non of importance. in fact there are marks of links between invention and scientific discipline going even closer and even many of the world’s fastest-growing industries are those in which connexions are strongest. But all the same. the well founded links between invention and public presentation in this and other countries. the policy issues raised by them are still a long manner from really being resolved ( Brickley. Bhagat. A ; Lease. 1985 ) . Mentions Brickley. A. . Bhagat. S. and Lease. R. C. ( 1985 ) . In the diary ‘The Impact of Long-range Managerial Compensation Plans on Shareholder Wealth’. Journal of Accounting and Economicss. Charkham. J. ( 1989b ) . In the paperCorporate Administration and the Market forCompanies: Aspects of the Shareholder’s Role’ . Bank of England Discussion Paper. no. 44. November. Chancy. P. K. and Devinney. T. M. ( 1992 ) . In the diary ‘New Product Innovations and Stock Price Performance’ .Journal of Business Finance and Accounting. vol. 19. no. 5. September. Carr. C. H. ( 1990 ) . Britain’s Competitiveness: The Management of the Vehicle Components Industry. Routledge imperativeness. London. Huselid. M. A. . et Al. ( 2005 ) . In the diary ‘A participants or A positions’ ; the strategic logic of workforce direction ; HBR.

Nutritional Facts Essays - Iron Metabolism, Dietary Supplements

Nutritional Facts Essays - Iron Metabolism, Dietary Supplements Nutritional Facts The first nutritional "fact" most Americans learn is that iron builds strong and healthy bodies.1 The beef lobby, cereal manufacturers, bread makers, and drug companies have bombarded the public with iron being the cure-all for fatigue and "iron-poor blood." People have been mislead by drug companies pushing iron supplements and by old-fashioned ideas about iron, the magical nutrient of strength. Even the cartoons of the past pushed iron as the secret ingredient in Popeye's spinach. Television advertisements used to urge people to "perk" up their "tired" blood with a liquid iron supplement called Geritol, but the Geritol ad was illegal. The Federal Trade Commission began an ineffective seventeen year battle with J.B. Williams Company, the original makers of Geritol, in 1959. In 1965, the company was ordered to stop airing its fraudulent ads. Americans saw the advertisements for six years before the stop order was given. By that time, there had been much damage to lots of people. The company continued to broadcast ads that stated that Geritol could make you feel better, improve your sex life, and marriage. Five out of eight of its new ads showed the transformation of a tired worn-out housewife into a "tigress." In 1970, the Justice Department filed a $1,000,000 suit against the J.B. Williams Company, charging that they did not stop their deceptive advertising as ordered by the Federal Trade Commission. In 1973 a judge gave J.B. Williams Company a total of $812,000 in fines. This was the largest ever for a Federal Trade Commission violation.2 Even today breakfast cereals are fortified with 25 - 200% of Federal Drug Administration's recommended daily intake of iron. Iron is also added to multivitamins, pastas, breads, and other processed food. Iron supplements are meant to prevent anemia, a condition in which blood is not able to carry the required amount of oxygen.3 Only two to six percent, mainly women and children, ever develop anemia. Human body contains about 2 to 5 grams of iron. Sixty to seventy-five percent of the iron is present in the form of hemoglobin. The center of the hemoglobin molecule is iron. Hemoglobin is found in the circulating red blood cells. Each red blood cell lasts about 120 days. Specialized scavenger cells in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow take up the old red blood cells and recycles the iron, fat, and protein. Iron is treated as "gold" by the blood. This careful recycling of iron means that our daily requirement of iron from food is quite small. The human body loses about 1 milligram of iron a day in the form of sweat, urine, and the natural sloughing of cells in the intestinal wall, hair, skin, and nails. Premenopausal women do not need more than one-half of a MacDonald's hamburger or a small bowl of Kellogg's corn flakes to prevent anemia. The iron stores are like water in a camel's hump. The human body can draw from them at any time. Most humans could live for long periods of time without iron from the diet. Premenopausal women, that lose 1.6 milligrams of iron per day, could last for three to seven months without depleting their iron stores of 200 - 300 milligrams of iron. Most men and postmenopausal women could go on without iron for two or more years. This assumes an average daily iron loss of one milligram and iron stores of at least 600 milligrams. The iron is transported and stored until needed. The extra amounts of iron are stored in the protein ferritin that is found inside the cells. In a normal person, the small intestines only absorb iron from food when the iron stores are low. If the body really becomes iron deficient, more iron is absorbed from food. As the body's stores of iron increase, the absorption of iron by the intestinal walls decreases.4 Some research shows that the intestinal cells do not have a way to decrease the percentage of meat iron absorbed from food when the iron stores are sufficient. The iron sneaks in because it is chemically attached to the heme in red meat. Only two to ten percent of the iron from fruits, vegetable, and grains is absorbed. Several studies show that vegetarians have lower iron stores

Live Oak - Description, Planting and Growing

Live Oak - Description, Planting and Growing Live Oak Introduction A large, sprawling, picturesque tree, usually graced with Spanish moss and strongly reminiscent of the Old South.  Live oak is one of the broadest spreaders of the Oaks, providing large areas of deep, inviting shade. Live oak is the state tree of Georgia. Reaching 60 to 80 feet in height with a 60 to 100-foot spread and usually possessing many sinuously curved trunks and branches, live oak is an impressive sight for any large-scale landscape. An amazingly durable American native, it can measure its lifetime in centuries if properly located and cared for in the landscape. It is also often wrongly planted in small landscapes and right-of-ways where it is doomed to heavy pruning and ultimate removal. The live oaks scientific name is  Quercus virginiana  and pronounced like  Ã‚  KWERK-us ver-jin-ee-AY-nuh.The trees most used common name is  Southern Live Oak  and in the family Fagaceae. It grows inUSDA hardiness zones  7B through 10B, is native to the North American south and generally available in many areas within its hardiness range.  The oak is generally used in wide tree lawns but adapts well in large parking lot islands. It is a magnificent specimen tree in open landscapes. Michael Durr in Manual of Woody Landscape Plants says it is a massive, picturesque, wide-spreading, evergreen tree with magnificent horizontal and arching branches that form a broad rounded canopy; a single tree constitutes a garden. A Botanical Description of Live Oak As I have mentioned, live oak has a moderate height but a spread to  120 feet. The live oak crown uniformity is a  canopy that is  symmetrical and  with a regular (or smooth) outline and all  individuals have more or less identical broad crown forms. A live oaks crown approximates round but has a definite look of spreading vertically. The crown can be considered dense but its growth rate is medium to slow which means that it can only become a prime tree specimen over many decades. Live oak branches will continuously droop as the tree grows and will require pruning for vehicular or pedestrian clearance beneath the canopy. This is why a small urban median between moderately wide avenues will make for problems. The oak does have a showy trunk and should be grown on a single leader with substantial height. The live oak leaf is thickly green and persistent through the winter. The leaf arrangement is alternate, the leaf type is simple and the leaf margin is entire. Managing a Live Oak in the Landscape A live oak tree will grow  in part shade/part sun and in full sun. It tolerates many soils including  clay, loam, sand, acidic, alkaline and  occasionally wet but best on  well-drained soils. The tree has a high tolerance of drought, a high tolerance of salty atmosphere and a moderate tolerance for salt in the soil. You will need to prune this tree regularly to develop strong structure when in a managed landscape that has vehicular traffic. The tree is extremely resistant to breakage and will not be a problem in any but the strongest of storms. Live oak is usually pest-free. Occasionally mites infest the foliage, but they are of little concern in the landscape. There is some concern for a newly discovered Texas live oak decline. Galls cause homeowners much concern but should not. These trees  suffer with many types of galls which  can be on the leaves or twigs of Quercus virginiana. Most galls are harmless so chemical controls are not suggested. Live Oak In Depth Once established, the live oak will thrive in almost any location within its natural range and is very resistant to wind and its resulting damage. Live Oak is a tough, enduring tree that will respond with vigorous growth to plentiful moisture on well-drained soil. Like other oaks, care must be taken to develop a strong branch structure early in the life of the tree. Be sure to eliminate multiple trunks and branches which form a narrow-angle with the trunk as these are likely to split from the tree as it grows older. Be sure that an adequate landscape area is given to live oak as roots will grow under curbs and sidewalks when planted in confining soil spaces. When visiting large southern coastal cities (Mobile, Savannah) you will these trees thriving in these urban settings and their ability to lift sidewalks, curbs and driveways. This is the cost many are willing to pay for a live oak urban forest. One of the biggest problems with live oak in cities, towns and private landscapes is e lack of pruning. This tree can live for a very long time and it is important to develop proper trunk and branch structure early in the life of the tree. Following planting  in the landscape, prune the tree each year for the first three years, then every five years to age 30. This program will help ensure that the tree develops into a strong, long-lived fixture in the community, and will help develop the 14 to 15 foot tall vehicle clearance needed for planting along city streets. Source Dirr, Michael A. Manual of Woody Landscape Plants Their Identification, Ornamental Characteristics, Culture, Propogation and Uses. Bonnie Dirr (Illustrator), Margaret Stephan (Illustrator), et al., Revised edition, Stipes Pub Llc, January 1, 1990.

Total cost minimization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Total cost minimization - Essay Example The new communication and information technologies today have made it possible to attain sophisticated and continuous process manufacturing. The automotive industry, for instance, has seen dramatic breakthroughs in technology displacement and reengineering. They now make over fifty million new automotives every year and are responsible for the creation of one out of every twelve jobs in the North American manufacturing industry. Experts predict that Japanese owned factories, by the end of this decade, would have the ability to make an automobile in eight hours or less (Dikbas and Scherer 297). This shorter time of production will result in fewer workers being needed for the production line. Japan’s nine automakers make over twelve million vehicles each year using less than six hundred thousand workers. Automakers in Detroit employ over two and a half million workers in the production of the same number of cars. US automakers, following Japan’s lead, have started to reen gineer their operations in the hope that they can increase their productivity, improve product share, reduce labor rolls, and increase their profit margin. GM, in 1993, announced plans for the implementation of changes in practices of production that aimed to eliminate as many as ninety thousand jobs by the late 90s (Dikbas and Scherer 298). These came on top of the quarter million jobs that they had already done away with in 1978. Other global automotive makers have also reengineered operations to eliminate thousands of employees with German automakers eliminating one in every seven jobs by 1995. The new â€Å"smart robot† generation that is armed with increased flexibility and intelligence has become a mainstay in the market, as factory owner are less likely to substitute them for laborers since they are cost-effective. Each robot replaces four jobs in the global economy and pays itself off in one year if used twenty-four hours every day. The world’s robot population was estimated at about 630,000 in 1991, and the number had grown by 3.5 times in 2008 as the machines have become more flexible, versatile, and intelligent (Meiksins et al 202). The steel industry has also had fortunes that closely mirror those of the automotive industry and have led to sweeping changes in production and organization, in the industry. The US was the world leader in production of steel in the 80s. However, this competitive edge has undergone serious erosion because of failure by companies in the US to keep in step with steel manufacturers in Japan that have made the production of steel a highly continuous and automated operation. This has led to Nippon Steel reducing its production hours to one hour from twelve days (Meiksins et al 203). Increased steel production automation has reduced the amount of labor required in North America. US Steel, the largest steel company in the US, in 1980, employed over 120,000 workers, which decreased to 20,000 in 1990 and 14,000, in 2005, even though it was producing the same output (National Academy of Engineering 10). These numbers are predicted to drop even further in the coming ten to twenty years as more advanced operations become available in the process of manufacturing in these factories. The highly automated methods of manufacturing have been used in combination with radical management hierarchy

Woodrow Wilson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Woodrow Wilson - Essay Example One, I agreed fully with my fellow Congressmen on the need for America to continue practicing its policy of Neutrality and Non-Interference, but it later got clear to me that Germany was continually taking America’s stance as a mark of weakness and an opportunity to disrespect America’s sovereignty. One of the instances in which Germany disregarded the sanctity of America’s territorial sovereignty and thereby changing my stand on America’s position is when Germany used its unauthorized submarines along America’s East coast in 1917. Germany respectively sunk the Lusitania, a British cruise ship that was bound for the United Kingdom, from New York. This incident claimed 1195 lives, 128 of them being Americans. This was part of Germany’s wider effort to use its U-boat ring to starve the Britannia Island by sinking its supply ships. It must be remembered that Germany had done this act of aggression many times, over the years (Foner, 709). Economic interests of the Unite States also underpinned my resolve and my fellow Congressmen’s decision to vote in favor of Wilson’s call to war. The countries that Germany was carrying unrelenting military onslaughts against were chiefly France and Britain, yet these two states harbored key economic interests of the United States. At the time, France and Britain owed America approximately 2 billion US dollars, compared to Germany which owed the US 27 million dollars.

Christopher Columbus Evaluation Essay Example for Free

Christopher Columbus Evaluation Essay Who was the navigator, colonizer, and explorer extraordinaire that fearlessly journeyed the seas and â€Å"discovered† the great â€Å"New World†? It was Christopher Columbus, of course! However, in reality, Columbus didn’t actually discover the Americas. Rather, he traveled to an already-inhabited land with not-so-civilized inhabitants, and expropriated both the land, and the indigenous people. By doing this, he brought settlers from Europe, who helped take over the land, causing plenty of suffering and havoc, but also completing the map and transforming life for people around the world. Some believe he was a hero, and some believe he was a monster. However, one man’s gain is another’s loss in most cases. Columbus brought change, both good and bad, through his actions, which defined his character and personality. Columbus’s journey to the Americas sowed seeds of change and revolution for people all over the world. More people came to the â€Å"New World† to settle, and natives were brought to Europe, and more exotic tastes were introduced to both hemispheres; cattle, sugar, and pigs to the West, tomatoes, potatoes, corn, and cocoa to the East. New animals, especially the horse, changed everyday life for Native Americans, and written language spread the continent, replacing either a complicated system of hieroglyphics or nothing at all. Soon, people from all over the globe began arriving in great numbers, and the continent became a successful beacon of hope for many. Of course, with the up rise of some came the downfall of others. The indigenous people of the New World could not resist the conquistadors’ most devastating weapon: disease. Millions were wiped out by smallpox alone, and many were so ill that they could not resist the European conquest. The natives were not the only ones who suffered. Back in Europe, people started suffering from syphilis with the return of the conquistadors. Tobacco, its pleasures, and its deadly secrets were even more gifts to the Old World from the New. As the local population began to shrink, a new type of foreigner began to arrive in large numbers, the Africans. As agriculture-based economy began to spread in the Americas, so did slavery, and suffering for the Africans. Thus, the seeds of racial antagonism were sowed and still affect our society today. Christopher Columbus’s character and personality have long been debatable. Depending on how you evaluate his actions, he could either be a hero or a villain to you. Young students today are present with the image of a â€Å"largerthanlife† national hero. In some ways, he is. Without him, the American citizens of today might not even be here. However, it was inevitable that an outsider would stumble across this land and introduce their people to it, and the native people to a more civilized lifestyle. At the same time, the way that Columbus went about doing that was definitely inhumane. According to a journal entry from Columbus himself, dated back to 1492, he gained their trust and friendship just so that he could convert them and turn them into slaves. Not only that, but he took over a land that was already inhabited by people, tormented the people so much that there are not even 200 of the native population left today, and claimed that he was the first to sight the land. All this shows that he was very deceiving, unscrupulous, selfish, and definitely lacking chaste. In conclusion, Columbus’s conquest to the New World brought forth change, both for the better, and for worse, while his selfish personality showed through the whole time. Whether you see him as a hero or a villain, the collision of the New and Old worlds was inevitable, and his contributions brought forth a connection and world that we should all be very thankful for.

Countertrade :: essays research papers

CounterTrade Paper Countertrade is a trade between two countries by which goods are exchanged for other goods rather than for hard currency. Countertrade is often the solution for exporters that may not be able to be paid in his or her home currency and according to the text few exporters would desire payment in a currency that is not convertible. "Sometimes both parties are happy with the goods they receive, other times one country will liquidate the received asset, ultimately receiving cash in the deal. This is also referred to as "using barter to complete a trade." (www.investopedia.com, 2004) An example of countertrade is, the former Soviet Union would often countertrade, agreeing to trade, say, Soviet oil for another country's vehicles. After researching this subject, I have learned that countertrade is an umbrella term covering a wide range of commercial mechanisms for reciprocal trade. Reciprocal trading (two-sided trading, trade in return) occurs when the trade customers is also a supplier. The reciprocal trading arrangements may or may not be formally linked. In practice, reciprocal trade may strengthen an existing trading relationship, and may even create mutual dependencies, which may create new trade relationship. Barter is probably the oldest and best known example of countertrading, however others, such as offset, buyback, tolling and switch trading, have also evolved to meet the requirements of a more sophisticated world economy. All of these generally involve the exchange of goods or services to finance purchases, rather than using cash alone. "The importance of countertrade as a trading tool has increased since early 1970s -especially in markets where there is a shortage of foreign exchange and countertrade may be the only effective marketing mechanism for doing business." (www.barternews.com, 2003) "One of the unique risks of countertrade transactions is that companies often find themselves handling products with which they are not familiar. This is probably the greatest risk in a countertrade transaction." ((www.barternews.com, 2003) Approximately 130 out of 192 countries in the world require countertrade, one form or another, in their procurements. Many of them did so after having undertaken intensive and serious studies. Many global companies have dedicated in-house specialists dealing specifically with countertrade. Some 20% to 30% of world trade is countertrade. The annual global market size for countertrade is estimated to be between US$200 to US$500 billion. No one really knows what are the correct percentages are and how large the true market size is.

Comparing Clay Dilham in Up the Slide with Gary Paulsen in A Glow in the Dark Essay

The main character of â€Å"Up the slide† is Clay Dilham who is a young prospector. He decided to get a sled-load of firewood in half an hour. After a hard struggle, he succeeded. The main character of â€Å"a glow in the dark† is Gary Paulsen who ran an eight-dog team in an unknown and dark forest. A strange light frightened him but he finally found what the light was. Both of Clay and Gary have great courage but Clay is braver than Gary. Clay faced a more dangerous situation and more difficulties. First, Clay was very young who was only 17 years old and became a young prospector who traveled to a hostile environment. † The Yukon Territory is located in the northwestern corner of Canada. It is part the subarctic zone, where temperatures have been known to plunge to -80F! †(p315). It is really hard for people to survive in such terrible environment, especially for a 17-year-old teenager. Most of teenager at that age are sitting in a warm classroom and receiving good education. But Clay as a young prospector worked in such terrible place. So he must have great courage and is really very brave. Second, during his trip, he could die every second if he lost his caution. â€Å"A slip at that point meant a plunge over the edge and a twenty-foot fall to the ice. A hundred feet farther along, and a slip would mean a fifty-foot fall. †(p316). It was really dangerous and difficult for people who wanted to survive. For Clay, a young prospector didn’t have so much experience. So he would not expect such a difficult but he keeps being calm it must be his bravery and great courage to support him solve all these difficult problems. Gary faced a less dangerous situation than Clay. First, the ghost and other terrifying things were all created by his imagination. It means that they couldn’t create any physical danger for him. â€Å"Ghosts and goblins and dark nights and snakes under the bed and sounds I didn’t know and bodies I had found and graveyards under covered pale moons and death, death, death †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ (p323) These imaginary things will not make him die at once but in â€Å"Up the slide â€Å" if Gary has a momentary oversight, he will die at once. So the situation that Gary faced is less dangerous than the situation that Clay faced. But he still felt very terrified and didn’t know what to do at that moment. So Clay is braver than Gary. Second, the motivation that pushed Gary to go forward is his curiosity, not his courage or bravery. â€Å"But curiosity was stronger. My legs moved without my wanting them to move and my body followed them. †(p323) Although Gary still went forward with great fear, he didn’t have strong belief like Clay that had great courage to go forward. So Clay is braver than Gary. In conclusion, first Clay faced a more dangerous situation than Gary. Second, Clay had to overcome both physical and metal fear but Gary only needed to overcome his imagination. Third, Clay was always calm but Gary didn’t know what to do when they faced frightening things. So Clay is braver than Gary. When students face some difficulties like problems they can’t solve, keeping calm is always the best solution. So they will come up some good ideas and solve the problem successfully.

Information and Communication Technology

Spending on information and communications technology in 2005 Information and communications technology or information and communication technology,[1] usually called ICT, is often used as an extended synonym for information technology (IT) but is usually a more general term that stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), intelligent building management systems and audio-visual systems in modern information technology. ICT consists of all technical means used to handle information and aid communication, including computer and network hardware, communication middleware as well as necessary software. In other words, ICT consists of IT as well as telephony, broadcast media, all types of audio and video processing and transmission and network based control and monitoring functions. The expression was first used in 1997[3] in a report by Dennis Stevenson to the UK government[4] and promoted by the new National Curriculum documents for the UK in 2000. ICT is often used in the context of â€Å"ICT roadmap† to indicate the path that an organization will take with their ICT needs. [5][6] The term ICT is now also used to refer to the merging (convergence) of audio-visual and telephone networks with computer networks through a single cabling or link system. There are large economic incentives (huge cost savings due to elimination of the telephone network) to merge the audio-visual, building management and telephone network with the computer network system using a single unified system of cabling, signal distribution and management. See VOIP and Intelligent Infrastructure Management (IIM). This in turn has spurred the growth of organizations with the term ICT in their names to indicate their specialization in the process of merging the different network systems. Information and Communication Technology Spending on information and communications technology in 2005 Information and communications technology or information and communication technology,[1] usually called ICT, is often used as an extended synonym for information technology (IT) but is usually a more general term that stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), intelligent building management systems and audio-visual systems in modern information technology. ICT consists of all technical means used to handle information and aid communication, including computer and network hardware, communication middleware as well as necessary software. In other words, ICT consists of IT as well as telephony, broadcast media, all types of audio and video processing and transmission and network based control and monitoring functions. The expression was first used in 1997[3] in a report by Dennis Stevenson to the UK government[4] and promoted by the new National Curriculum documents for the UK in 2000. ICT is often used in the context of â€Å"ICT roadmap† to indicate the path that an organization will take with their ICT needs. [5][6] The term ICT is now also used to refer to the merging (convergence) of audio-visual and telephone networks with computer networks through a single cabling or link system. There are large economic incentives (huge cost savings due to elimination of the telephone network) to merge the audio-visual, building management and telephone network with the computer network system using a single unified system of cabling, signal distribution and management. See VOIP and Intelligent Infrastructure Management (IIM). This in turn has spurred the growth of organizations with the term ICT in their names to indicate their specialization in the process of merging the different network systems.

Global Title Translation Essays

Global Title Translation Essays Global Title Translation Essay Global Title Translation Essay SS7 Tutorial Global Title Copryright SS8 Networks 2002 Before we get deeply into the subject of Global Title, it might help to get a very broad view of exactly what Global Title is. Simply defined, it is an address. But it is not an address of a node in the SS7 network (DPC, SSN). Instead, it is an alias for such an address that needs to be translated into an SS7 network address. With that definition out of the way, let’s quickly review what we know about SS7 addressing in general. To begin with, each User Part approaches addressing in a different way. The MTP (Message Transfer Part) has a job that is limited to reliably transferring messages over the links in a link set. That is, MTP only cares about the address of the node at the other end of the links it is tending. Therefore the only addressing the MTP requires is the SPC (Signalling Point Code) of the node at the end of its links. MTP sees this address as the Destination Point Code (DPC) of all messages it sends over the links. The only concern MTP has for any other location in the network is to be able to make use of the final destination of the message to help it pick out one link set from all the available linksets as the best one to use for sending the message. This is what MTP routing is all about. ISUP addressing is different. In normal Call Control use, ISUP addresses a switch at the other end of its trunk connections. For the SS7, this too means using a Destination Point Code (DPC). : But the switch ISUP talks to (which is the next switch in a circuit being set up or torn down) is not necessarily (and really not likely) to be located at the other end of its own SS7 links. The job of addressing all other locations falls to the SCCP. Actually SCCP could be used to address the same switching locations as ISUP. If it were used in this way, SCCP could be used for end-to-end signal routing in conjunction with ISUP. But since the usual switch-to-switch routing of ISUP provides complete circuit information for all switches along the voice path, SCCP is rarely used in this way. Like the other User Parts, SCCP can, and does, make use of DPC. This address alone can be used to get a message to any node in the global SS7 network in the same way that a telephone number can be used to address any telephone in the global telephone network. But SCCP addressing needs to go beyond this method of addressing. The reason is that at each DPC there is a â€Å"system† operating. That system may be a Call Control application or a database or some other program of some type. The problem is that within that system there may be multiple applications running. Thus a Signalling Point Code (which is addressed as a Destination Point Code) may be the home of both a Credit Card Database and an 800 Number Database. Using the DPC as the SS7 address will get the message delivered to the â€Å"system† but it won’t get the message delivered to the appropriate database application. For this purpose, a separate identifier of a system within the system is required. That identifier is the Subsystem Number (SSN). It may be tempting to think of SSN as a database identifier. And, indeed, an SSN will be applied to a database even when only one database application is available at a specified DPC. But, avoid the temptation. The truth is that SSN is also used to sub-address any location at which multiple applications are running. For example, a switch offering several features may use SSN to separately identify each feature. Think of SSN as simply an application identifier. That brings us to what you came for. The third addressing mechanism employed by SCCP is the Global Title, You might say this is the address used when the location requiring information doesn’t know the address. A Global Title implies the need for translation. Before you become too confused, let’s try an example. If you dial an 800 number, the switch to which you are connected becomes more confused than you are right now. The reason is that every number to which the switch can route has a geographical reference which the switch maintains in its own routing table. In North America, the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) provides the clues for that routing. So, for example, if you dial a â€Å"1† first, the switch knows it must make a connection to a long distance switch. The long distance switch will choose from among its connections to route the call into the region suggested by the area code. Then the routing goes to the switch in the appropriate exchange code. And, finally, that switch selects the appropriate line number. But you may have dialed 1-800-FLY-AWAY. The numbering plan is useless. The switch can’t even begin to make a connection. Instead, it sends a request into the SS7 network which essentially asks, ‘Will someone look this number up in an 800 database and translate it into an NANP number that I can route? Such a number is returned and the switch proceeds as if that number had been dialed in the first place. The switch can always get the information from such a database as long as it has the DPC and SSN of the 800 Number application in its SS7 routing table. But, therein lies a problem. Every day, new services are deployed into the SS7 network around the world. Some of them are proprietary and are, therefore, accessible on ly to the switches in the same proprietary network. Others are intended to be offered to other networks for a fee. So, here is the problem. If a service becomes universally available, does that mean that every switch on the planet needs to add the location (DPC) and identifier (SSN) to its SS7 routing table? Obviously if that were the case new services would spread slowly; and each switch would have to maintain huge tables of routing information. A better answer is to keep that information at a much more limited number of locations in the network (such as STPs) and allow the switches to identify their requests for information without identifying where, or from what applications the information can be retrieved. That means that when a switch wants a translation, it need only identify the nature of the translation needed (for example, 800 number to NANP number) and send the request to a location whose routing table tells it where such translations can be performed. A single location in the routing table of the switch (such a location as an STP) may serve to provide 800 Number translations, 900 number translations, Credit Card validation, etc. Even the first location which receives the request does not have to maintain a routing table of all locations on the globe. Instead, it may have a table which indicates that all requests in several similar categories should be sent to one location while requests in other categories can be sent somewhere else. All of this is possible because, with Global Title requests, the originator of the request does not need to know where or what application can provide the answer to the request. Global Title has even more uses. For example, the STP may be able to send Dialed Digit translation requests to either of two databases at two different database nodes. The receipt of a Prohibited signal (indicating the database is unavailable) from he SCCP at one of the database locations can tell the STP to change its lookup to another Global Title Table. The translation there, in turn, can result in address information used to send queries to the backup location The drawing below will illustrate the concept (but obviously not the coding) of Global Title queries. With the concepts firmly implanted we’ll move on to the actual coding. G Ro S7 S uti ng ou TR g t in r be um 0n : 80 es to nd ri Se q ue 00 -20 10 r be um 0 n to: 80 s n d rie -05 Se que 20 10 3 C 2 DP N 1 SS 10-20-00 80 GT 9 29 0 35 29 ? 8 GT SSP ? se 91 Respon 4 452 71 71 s Re ns po 00 359 292 0 1-80 A FLY WAY ? As an alias addressing mechanism, Global Title can obviate the need for ubiquitous ponderous routing tables. (Actually I just said that to see if you were still awake). It can also hide network assets and provide greater control for conditional rerouting requirements. e9 14 45 27 17 1 SCP 10-20-05 SSN 123 Perhaps the biggest mystery surrounding the use of Global title is the meaning of each of the fields in a Global Title message. We’ll try to destroy that mystery next. Calling/Called Party Address To begin with, this contains all of the information required to identify the originator and the intended destination of the message. To understand why these values are important it might help to examine the way in which a Global Title request travels around the SS7 network. 1. An SSP receives dialed digits which it cannot use to route a call in the PSTN (e. g. an 800 number). 2. The switch consults its SS7 routing information to determine where to send the numbers for translation. If there is no information about the SS7 location of the translation table, the query may be sent to an intermediate STP whose routing table indicates where to send queries for translation. The message from the originating witch contains fields to indicate the full nature of the query. Address Indicator Foretells the type of addressing information to be found in the address field. This can be a single type of address or any combination of the address types Signalling Point Code, Global Title (e. g. Dialed Digits) and Subsystem Number. This field tells the receiving node what kind of addressing information to look for. The following tabl e indicates the significance of each of the bits in the octet with the bits numbered in the order in which they are sent/received. 8 7 6 5 3 2 1 Network Routing Indicator Indicator (Nat/Int) Global Title Indicator Point SSN Code Indicator Indicator Bits of the Address Indicator The following tables list the contents of the Address Indicator bit by bit and indicate the significance of bit placement within the octet. Bits #1-2 xxxxxxx1 xxxxxx1x Signifies: The address contains an SSN The address contains an SPC Bits #3-6 xx0000xx xx0001xx xx0010xx Signifies: No Global Title included Global Title Includes Translation Type, Numbering Plan and Encoding Scheme Global Title Includes Translation Type Only three possible combinations of bits 3 through 6 are given in the table because the remaining combinations are either spares for National/International networks, are unassigned in the U. S. , or are reserved for future use. Since multiple address elements may be used, bit #7 is used to identify which of these elements should be used for routing, Bit #7 x0xxxxxx x1xxxxxx Signifies: An SCCP translation is required. Therefore routing should be based on the Global Title in the address. An SCCP translation is not required. Therefore, routing should be based on the DPC (found in the Routing Label) and the SSN (found in the Called Party Address. Bit 8 is used to identify the address as national or international as shown in the following table. Bit #8 0xxxxxxx 1xxxxxxx Signifies: Both the address indicator and the address are coded according to international specifications. Both the address indicator and the address are coded according to national specifications. At this point it might be helpful to further explore both the Address Indicator and the actual Calling/Called Party Address. In the text preceding these tables we spoke of the actual address before we spoke of the Address Indicator. We did this in the hope of helping you to understand the need for the Address Indicator. In the message itself, the Indicator comes first. This allows the receiving side to determine how it must interpret the data in the Address before it has seen that data. Following the Address Indicator comes the actual Called/ Calling Party addressing. As can be seen from the Global Title Fields of the Address Indicator, the first octet of the Address may be a Translation Type. The next octets may be a Signaling Point Code, and the final octets may be the actual Global Title Address itself. We have repeatedly use the word may here because, as you can see from the Address Indicator, the Address may not even be a Global Title. As you can also see from the indicator, when Global Title is present, it may contain a Translation Type, a Numbering Plan, and an Encoding Scheme. We’ll examine these values next. Remember that we started by defining Global Title as an address. Subsystem Number and Signaling Point Code are also addresses. The difference is that the Global Title is an address of variable length and, perhaps of variable format which requires translation. For example, the Global Title may be the digits that were dialed which the switch was unable to use because they were not in North American Numbering Plan format. Global Title Format Following a Global Title Indicator value of 0001 In the Address Indicator Address Information N u m b e r i n g P l a n E n c o d i n g S c h e m e Translation Type Octet 3 Octet 2 ( above) Octet 1 A glance back at bits 3-6 in the Address Indicator should serve to remind you that it can indicate there is no Global Title Address in the message. It can also indicate that there is a Global Title Address and that the address includes a Translation Type. Or, it can indicate that there is a Global Title Address and that the address includes Global Title Translation Type, Numbering Plan and Encoding Scheme The previous paragraph contains some of the terms which seem to provide some of the greatest confusion over Global Title. You now have most of the information you need to understand Global Title. With a little luck, if we can clear up these final mysterious terms, all the pieces of Global Title should finally fall into place. Translation Type Global Title can be used in numerous ways. Therefore the possibility for many different applications requiring Global Title Addressing also exists. Such applications may be unique to a specific network, or they may be in use so generally that they are common to numerous networks. When the services of an application in one network are requested at a location outside that networking, certain internetworking applications may also be involved to transport requests and responses between networks. For example, telephone calls can be charged using cards issued by service providers or by banks and other types of financial institutions. The caller is required to enter a PIN number when making the call so that an application can validate the card through a database application. This is such a common application that the ANSI standard of 1996 has defined it as the Identification Card Application Group and has assigned to the Translation Type byte the value of 00000001 (decimal 1) Other applications are becoming universally available, and, a a result both the most recent ANSI and ITU standards are beginning to assign values for these services so that they may be used as standardized values across the SS7 network at large. SCP assisted services (such as 800 number translations) are another group of universal services which have been assigned their own Translation Types. Despite the growth of such commonly used services, the standards organizations have resisted the temptation to assign all 256 values which can be represented by the Translation Type byte. Indeed, under the ANSI standard an entire range of values (11000000 to 11111001) have been set aside for internal network usage. The table on the next page identifies the assignments in the ANSI standard. Translation Type Coding Decimal Value 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 to 31 32 192 to 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 Notes: reserved* The value 253 has been used for network specific applications as well as for the 14 digit Calling Card application while the value 251 has been used for both network specific applications and for the Call Management application. ** The value 254 is already in use for some internetwork applications such as 800 service. Network providers not using this value are cautioned to consider potential conflicts before employing the same value for network specific applications. Byte Values 00000000 00000001 00000010 00000011 00000100 00000101 00000110 00000111 00001000 Application/Translation Group reserved Identification Cards reserved* Cellular Nationwide Roaming Service Global Title = Point Code Calling Name Delivery reserved* Message Waiting SCP Assisted Call Processing 00001001 to 00011111 Internetwork Applications 00100000 spare 11000000 to 11111001 Network Specific Applications 11111010 11111011 11111100 11111101 11111110 11111111 Network Specific Applications reserved* Network Specific Applications reserved* ** reserved Encoding Scheme With the actual address value data coming up, the receiving node needs to recognize how many digits it should look for and how to translate these values from the binary code. These four bits present that information. Code 0000 0001 Unknown Signifies: The address has an odd number of digits and should be converted to decimal values using Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) conversion. The address has an odd number of digits and should be converted to decimal values using Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) conversion. 011 to 1111 Spare The only remaining date preceding the actual address is the numbering plan (such as NANP) identifier. The purpose of this tutorial has been to explore the concept, use and coding of Global Title. In the course of doing this, we have not examined the entire SCCP message formatting of which Global Title is a part. Our reference here has been the ANSI T1. 112-96 Recommendations. For more information on the products on this page, visit our home page at ss8. com or come to adc-adapts. com SMserverâ„ ¢ Short Message Service Center (SMSC) for GSM and IS41 wireless networks. OTAserverâ„ ¢ Over-the-Air Service Provisioning (OTASP) for CDMA and TDMA wireless networks. CALEAserverâ„ ¢ SS8 offers the solution that allows carriers to meet Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) requirements today. Signaling Gateway There are a lot of gateways. But SS8’s distributed environment and high performance make for a stand-out in the field. Distributed7â„ ¢ SS8’s latest generation of SS7 development platforms is designed for high availability carrier applications. The clustered multi-host architecture enables SS7 to run on multiple computers simultaneously under a single SS7 point code. Distributed7 takes SS7 reliability beyond fault tolerant platforms. Connect7â„ ¢ Host independent controller board embedded with full Signaling System No. 7 (SS7) functionality. Easy7â„ ¢ The ideal link concentration solution for smaller networks. This mini-STP can be in the same room with multiple SS7 signaling points with the result that fewer SS7 links can handle your network traffic. For some, the pay-back can be astonishingly short.

Intrinsic vs. Inherent

Intrinsic vs. Inherent Intrinsic vs. Inherent Intrinsic vs. Inherent By Maeve Maddox A reader wants guidelines for the use of these two words: I’ve read every explanation I can find but I’m still trying to clarify how to best choose the appropriate context in which to use the word intrinsic versus inherent.† The adjectives inherent and intrinsic are synonyms. Both convey the idea of an inborn, essential aspect of something, an element that exists within a person or thing because of its very nature. A web search indicates that inherent is used more frequently than intrinsic, bringing up twice as many hits for inherent (79,500,000) as for intrinsic (40,800,000). Both words are found in discussions of rights, but â€Å"inherent rights† is more common with 415,000 search results than â€Å"intrinsic rights† with 35,300. Here are typical uses: The Government of Canada recognizes the inherent right of self-government as an existing Aboriginal right under section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982.   Many promoters of health-care reform believe that people have an intrinsic ethical right to health care. There is no such thing as an inherent right to health care. Today, family planning is almost universally recognized as an intrinsic right. Students must recognize that nobody has an inherent right to an advanced education. Inherent comes from a Latin verb that means, â€Å"to stick in† or â€Å"adhere to.† â€Å"An inherent characteristic† is one that is embedded in the thing that possesses it. Intrinsic comes from a Latin word meaning â€Å"inwards.† â€Å"An intrinsic characteristic† is something that belongs to the thing itself. Like the reader who posed the question, I feel that there is a subtle difference between the two, but cannot postulate a clear distinction. In many contexts they do seem to be interchangeable, but not in all. I’m more likely to talk about the â€Å"intrinsic value† of a thing than its â€Å"inherent value,† but I’d say with the International Covenant of Civil and Political Rights that â€Å"Every human being has the inherent right to life.† This pair of words may have more precise meanings in a scientific context, but in general usage, the choice seems to rest with the speaker. If in doubt, perhaps you’d find one of the following a better choice for your purpose than either intrinsic or inherent: innate immanent built-in in-dwelling inborn ingrained deep-rooted essential fundamental basic structural organic natural instinctive instinctual congenital native inbred connate deep-seated indelible ineradicable integral Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Computer Terms You Should KnowThe Difference Between "will" and "shall"Proverb vs. Adage